Adaptability to acute stress among women survivors of intimate partner violence : protocol for a mixed-methods cross-sectional study in a laboratory setting (BRAW study)

Altres ajuts: "La Caixa" Foundation, 2017ACUP00277; Departament de Salut de la Generalitat de Catalunya, SLT002/16/00237Intimate partner violence (IPV) is the most common and alarming form of violence against women, affecting around 30% of all women around the world. Using an integrative methodology, we approach IPV as a form of chronic exposure to severe stress that alters the stress-response system of exposed women. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that sustained exposure to IPV in women confers a vulnerability-to-stress profile characterised by higher neuroendocrine and behavioural responsiveness associated with a selective attentional processing bias towards threat. Women between 21 and 50 years old from the area of Barcelona (Spain) will be invited to participate. A sample of 82 women exposed to IPV and 41 women not exposed to IPV will be included and assessed for attentional bias and response to acute stress in a laboratory condition (the Trier Social Stress Task). The study will include quantitative and qualitative measures of cognitive performance, neuroendocrine activity and face-to-face interviews to obtain an integrative description of the stress-response profile of these women. Results are expected to help build resilience strategies with a long-lasting impression on women's healthy functioning. The study has obtained the approval of the local Ethics Committee ('Comité de Ética de Investigación Parc Taulí de Sabadell'; 2 018 551 V.1.2 June 2018). Besides the communication of results in peer-reviewed papers and scientific congresses, the project will inform guidelines and recommendations through policy-dialogues and workshops with relevant regional and national representatives for future work and prevention strategies. Participants will be invited to be an active part in the dissemination strategy focussed on raising awareness of coping limitations and abilities that women themselves will be able to identify throughout the study. The study has been registered at the ClinicalTrails.gov database (Identifier number: NCT03623555; Pre-results)

Religiosity and Psychotic Ideation in Stable Schizophrenia : A Role for Empathic Perspective-Taking

The relationship between religiosity and different components of empathy was explored in schizophrenia patients. A total of 81 stable schizophrenia patients and 95 controls from the nearby community completed self-reported questionnaires assessing religiosity and empathy (through the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, IRI). Patients with schizophrenia showed higher religiousness than controls and they presented less perspective-taking and empathic concern but increased personal distress in IRI scores. Regression analyses unveiled an association between religiosity and perspective-taking in schizophrenics after adjusting for age, gender, and psychotic symptoms. In conclusion, religiosity in patients with schizophrenia may be linked to variations in perspective- taking as a component of empathy

Moderators and mediators of antipsychotic response in delusional disorder : Further steps are needed

Delusional disorder (DD) has been traditionally considered a relatively rare and treatment-resistant psychotic disorder. In the last decade, increasing attention has focused on therapeutic outcomes of individuals affected by this disorder. The aim of this paper is to provide a synthesis of the literature addressing two very important questions arising from DD research: (1) For which patients with DD do antipsychotic medications work best (the moderators of response); and (2) What variables best explain the relationship between such treatments and their effectiveness (the mediators of response). We searched PubMed and Google Scholar databases for English, German, French and Spanish language papers published since 2000. We also included a few classic earlier papers addressing this topic. Variables potentially moderating antipsychotic response in DD are gender, reproductive status, age, duration of illness, the presence of comorbidity (especially psychiatric comorbidity) and its treatment, brain structure, and genetics of neurochemical receptors and drug metabolizing enzymes. Antipsychotic and hormonal blood levels during treatment, as well as functional brain changes, are potential mediating variables. Some, but not all, patients with DD benefit from antipsychotic treatment. Understanding the circumstances under which treatment works best can serve to guide optimal management

Recopilación de pruebas de acceso a ciclos formativos de Grado Medio y Superior de Formación Profesional Específica [Recurso electrónico]

En la carátula: 27Características del sistema: PC con Windows 98, Me, 2000, XP o Mac; Acrobat ReaderTit. tomado de la etiqueta del disc

Towards the Influence of Media on Suicidality : A Systematic Review of Netflix's 'Thirteen Reasons Why'

Online streaming series 'Thirteen Reasons Why' (13RW), released in March 2017, was criticized for its sensationalist portrayal of the main character's suicide, leading some people to voice fears of a global contagion of self-harm behaviors. The current investigation provides a systematic review of original studies analyzing the role of 13RW as an influencing factor for suicide. Articles were identified through a systematic search of Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycInfo, and a manual search of reference lists from inception until the 16 January 2023. Twenty-seven published articles were identified from an initial search of 496 studies. The positive effects of watching 13RW included a reduction in suicide stigma and a greater likelihood to discuss mental health concerns and seek for help. However, several studies reported negative outcomes, including significant increases in the rate of deaths by suicide in adolescents, the number of admissions for suicidal reasons, and the prevalence and severity of suicidal ideation and self-harm behaviors in vulnerable viewers. Still, due to methodological limitations, no causal relationship could be established. Preventive measures are required to alert of the risk and should be particularly addressed to susceptible subjects. Psychoeducational programs should be focused on this kind of phenomena in vulnerable populations

Care for Women with Delusional Disorder : towards a Specialized Approach

Delusional disorder is a difficult-to-treat clinical condition with health needs that are often undertreated. Although individuals with delusional disorder may be high functioning in daily life, they suffer from serious health complaints that may be sex-specific. The main aim of this narrative review is to address these sex-specific health needs and to find ways of integrating their management into service programs. Age is an important issue. Delusional disorder most often first occurs in middle to late adult life, a time that corresponds to menopause in women, and menopausal age correlates with increased development of both somatic and psychological health problems in women. It is associated with a rise in the prevalence of depression and a worsening of prior psychotic symptoms. Importantly, women with delusional disorder show low compliance rates with both psychiatric treatment and with medical/surgical referrals. Intervention at the patient, provider, and systems levels are needed to address these ongoing problems

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Incidence of Suicidal Behaviors: A Retrospective Analysis of Integrated Electronic Health Records in a Population of 7.5 Million

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused remarkable psychological overwhelming and an increase in stressors that may trigger suicidal behaviors. However, its impact on the rate of suicidal behaviors has been poorly reported. We conducted a population-based retrospective analysis of all suicidal behaviors attended in healthcare centers of Catalonia (northeast Spain; 7.5 million inhabitants) between January 2017 and June 2022 (secondary use of data routinely reported to central suicide and diagnosis registries). We retrieved data from this period, including an assessment of suicide risk and individuals' socioeconomic as well as clinical characteristics. Data were summarized yearly and for the periods before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain in March 2020. The analysis included 26,458 episodes of suicidal behavior (21,920 individuals); of these, 16,414 (62.0%) were suicide attempts. The monthly moving average ranged between 300 and 400 episodes until July 2020, and progressively increased to over 600 episodes monthly. In the postpandemic period, suicidal ideation increased at the expense of suicidal attempts. Cases showed a lower suicide risk; the percentage of females and younger individuals increased, whereas the prevalence of classical risk factors, such as living alone, lacking a family network, and a history of psychiatric diagnosis, decreased. In summary, suicidal behaviors have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, with more episodes of suicidal ideation without attempts in addition to younger and lower risk profiles

Diferencias de género en cognición y cognición social en pacientes afectos de psicosis en proceso de rehabilitación psicosocial

Objectives: The objectives of our study were to explore gender differences in Cognition and Social Cognition in patients affected by Psychosis in process of psychosocial rehabilitation and to establish a model of the relationship between Psychopathology, Cognition and Social Cognition in function of the gender, and attending to relevant clinical, sociodemographics and outcome factors.Methodology: Cross-sectional observational study with 124 Non-Affective Schizophrenia Spectrum patients included consecutively in Community Rehabilitation Program at XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX (XXXXX, XXXXXXXXX), assessed through PANSS (using Wallwork's factors) and Matrics Cognitive Consensus Battery.Results: Participants had a mean age of 40.2 years, 57.3% men and mainly Schizophrenia (71.0%). We found gender differences favour to men in attention (p=0.045), working memory (p=0.013) and reasoning/problem solving (p=0.002) domains. No differences in Social Cognition was founded. Linear regression model shows different participations for different domains, with a predominance of the influence of the Cognitive/Disorganized Wallwork's factor and patient's age. In the subsample of men, the model were quite similar to that of total sample, but the influence of the Disorganized factor decreases and that of age remains. In women subsample, the model had even less influence of Disorganized factor or age. In general, women's models explain less variance.Objetivos: Explorar diferencias de género en cognición y cognición social en pacientes afectos de psicosis en proceso de rehabilitación psicosocial y establecer un modelo de relación entre psicopatología, cognición y cognición social en función del género y de factores clínicos, sociodemográficos y evolutivos relevantes. Metodología: Estudio observacional transversal con 124 pacientes del espectro de la esquizofrenia incluidos en el Programa de Rehabilitación Comunitaria de la Corporaciò Sanitària Parc Tauí (Sabadell, Barcelona), evaluados mediante PANSS (factores de Wallwork) y la batería cognitiva MATRICS. Resultados: Edad media 40.2 años, 57.3% hombres, principalmente esquizofrenia (71.0%). Encontramos diferencias de género a favor de los hombres en la atención (p = 0.045), memoria de trabajo (p = 0.013) y razonamiento/resolución de problemas (p = 0.002). No se encontraron diferencias en la cognición social. El modelo de regresión lineal muestra diferentes participaciones para diferentes dominios, con un predominio de la influencia del factor de Wallwork cognitivo/desorganizado y la edad del paciente. En la submuestra de hombres, el modelo fue bastante similar al de la muestra total, pero la influencia del factor desorganizado disminuye y la de la edad permanece. En la submuestra femenina, el modelo tuvo, incluso, menos influencia del factor desorganizado o la edad. En general, los modelos de mujeres explican menos varianza. Conclusión: Los hombres afectos de esquizofrenia e incluidos en el Programa de Rehabilitación Comunitaria de nuestra muestra presentan mejor atención, memoria de trabajo y razonamiento/resolución de problemas que las mujeres, sin diferencias en la cognición social. En general, los modelos explican menos varianza en las mujeres.