КОНГРУЕНТНІ РІШЕННЯ ЗАВДАНЬ ТРАНСФЕРУ ЗНАНЬ ТА ПРОБЛЕМ КОГНІТИВІЗМУ ПРИ МЕДИЧНИХ КОМУНІКАЦІЯХ

Analysis of possible interrelated directions of communicators in emergency and family medicine development and application was performed. According to the first direction the information communicators are intended for supporting alternative communication with people, loosed temporarily or permanently possibility to speak. According to the second direction proposed communicators have databases included detailed information about types of diseases and traumas, and by results of analysis of injured person symptoms or feelings the software subsystem generates some variants of possible diseases or traumas diagnosis.Рассмотрены вопросы облегчения коммуникации преподавателя и субъекта обучения у постели больного, а также при удаленном общении при дистанционном обучении. Показан ряд направлений, где предложенные специальные приборы - коммуникаторы - имеют высокую практическую значимость. В частности, информационныекоммуникаторы полезны для поддержания первого контакта при травмах ; семейных врачей, сталкивающихся с широким спектром заболеваний и травм сразу же после их возникновения (довольно часто врачам не хватает опыта и знаний для оперативного установления достоверного диагноза) ; неотложной медицины при общении с больными, потерявшими возможность говорить, или пациентами с ограниченными возможностями.Розглянуто питання полегшення комунікації викладача та суб'єкта навчання біля ліжка хворого, а також при віддаленому спілкуванні під час дистанційного навчання. Представлена низка напрямів, де запропоновані спеціальні прилади -комунікатори - мають високу практичну значимість. Зокрема, інформаційні комунікатори корисні для підтримки першого контакту при травмах; сімейних лікарів, які стикаються з широким спектром захворювань і травм одразу ж після їх виникнення (досить часто лікарям не вистачає досвіду та знань для оперативного встановлення вірогідного діагнозу); в невідкладній медицині при спілкуванні з хворими, які втратили можливість говорити, або пацієнтами з обмеженими можливостями

Large variation in ESBL-producing Escherichia coli carriers in six European countries including Russia

We investigated the faecal carriage prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase production in Escherichia coli (EP-EC) and/or Klebsiella pneumoniae (EP-KP) and risk factors associated with carriage among adult study subjects in Finland, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Russia and Sweden (partner countries). The aim was to get indicative data on the prevalence of ESBL-carriage in specific populations in the region. Faecal samples were collected from four study populations and screened on ChromID-ESBL and ChromID-OXA-48 plates. Positive isolates were further characterised phenotypically. Our results show a large variation in carrier prevalence ranging from 1.6% in Latvia to 23.2% in Russia for EP-EC. For the other partner countries, the prevalence of EP-EC were in increasing numbers, 2.3% for Germany, 4.7% for Finland, 6.6% for Sweden, 8.0% for Poland and 8.1% for all partner countries in total. Carriers of EP-KP were identified only in Finland, Russia and Sweden, and the prevalence was < 2% in each of these countries. No carriers of carbapenemase-producing isolates were identified. This is the first study reporting prevalence of carriers (excluding traveller studies) for Finland, Latvia, Poland and Russia. It contributes with important information regarding the prevalence of EP-EC and EP-KP carriage in regions where studies on carriers are limited

Prevalence and Molecular Epidemiology of CTX-M Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Russian Hospitals

A total of 904 consecutive nosocomial isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae collected from 28 Russian hospitals were screened for production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). The ESBL phenotype was detected in 78 (15.8%) E. coli and 248 (60.8%) K. pneumoniae isolates. One hundred fifteen isolates carried the genes for CTX-M-type β-lactamases, which, as shown by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, were distributed into the two genetic groups of CTX-M-1 (93%)- and CTX-M-2 (7%)-related enzymes. Isolates producing the enzymes of the first group were found in 20 hospitals from geographically distant regions of the country and were characterized by considerable diversity of genetic types, as was demonstrated by enterobacterial repetitive consensus PCR typing. Within this group the CTX-M-3 and the CTX-M-15 β-lactamases were identified. In contrast, the enzymes of the CTX-M-2 group (namely, CTX-M-5) were detected only in eight clonally related E. coli isolates from a single hospital. Notably, the levels of resistance to ceftazidime were remarkably variable among the CTX-M producers. This study provides further evidence of the global dissemination of CTX-M type ESBLs and emphasizes the need for their epidemiological monitoring

Design of multiprobe devices for electronic components with ball leads testing.

In the article design and technological features of multiprobe connecting device for testing the electronic components with matrix ball leads are described and substantiated. Such test fixture has probes made as two separated flatcontact lands that can be used for testing BGA/CSP components or microelectromechanical devices. Only in case, when two parts of probe contact lands are pressed to according lead of electronic component, electrical circuit between them closes. This fact confirms presence of contact between testing fixture probe and tested lead of BGA device and can be considered as way of testing reliability increasing. Due to the proposed new form of contact probe for electronic component testing it became possible to simplify the topology of connecting circuit board. Developed commutative board with ZIF connectors allows realizing multiprobe device connection to automated measuring systems, providing also the possibility of its future application to test other electronic components with more leads. Also the results of experimental and modeling research of developed device prototype are presented and explained. Obtained results substantiate the basic requirements for the multiprobe connecting device that should be observed during its contacting to the unit under test. Designed test fixture is more simple and cheap in comparison with its analogues. Also developed method of testing effectively provides the necessary contact pressure between test fixture and unit under test without hazard of its deformation which can appear in similar devices

Improvement of Ship Ballasting System

The process of ballasting of ships used for transportation of non-standard cargoes, during their operation on waves, is studied. When auditing the ballasting process it is established that the presence of parasitic air volumes inside the tanks leads to an increase in the angle of the ship's list. To eliminate this drawback, a new technology for destroying parasitic air bubbles by means of jets under pressure is developed. During the operation of the developed technology on the ship a number of positive results are obtained. The angle of the ship's list is reduced from 2 to 1.5 degrees when the sea surface is 0.5 m high. The level of uncontrolled ship's list on waves with the operating system of destruction of the parasitic air volume and without it is different. At a wave height of 0.3 m to 0.12 degrees, with a wave height of 0.6 m to 0.65 degrees, and at 1 m to 1.2 degrees

C–C Coupling Catalyzed by Zeolites: Is Enolization the Only Possible Pathway for Aldol Condensation?

MBEA zeolites are known to catalyze carbon–carbon coupling reactions such as acetaldehyde condensation, which is an important step in a range of industrially relevant processes, e.g., a sustainable butadiene synthesis. The widely accepted mechanism of the reaction includes a separate enolization step via an α-proton transfer to zeolite. By combining the H–D exchange activity studies, FTIR spectroscopy, and DFT calculations, we show that such a mechanism is indeed feasible for the SnBEA zeolite. For the ZrBEA and TiBEA zeolites, on the other hand, experimental evidence suggests that a separate enolization step is unlikely. We propose the possibility of an alternative concerted single-step mechanism that involves coadsorption of two aldehyde molecules at the open M­(IV) Lewis acid site and a subsequent proton transfer between the adsorbates in a collective transition state stabilized by the M–OH group of the open site. The study suggests that the nature of a zeolite dopant can thus be used to control the activity of the catalyst by modifying the reaction mechanism

C–C Coupling Catalyzed by Zeolites: Is Enolization the Only Possible Pathway for Aldol Condensation?

MBEA zeolites are known to catalyze carbon–carbon coupling reactions such as acetaldehyde condensation, which is an important step in a range of industrially relevant processes, e.g., a sustainable butadiene synthesis. The widely accepted mechanism of the reaction includes a separate enolization step via an α-proton transfer to zeolite. By combining the H–D exchange activity studies, FTIR spectroscopy, and DFT calculations, we show that such a mechanism is indeed feasible for the SnBEA zeolite. For the ZrBEA and TiBEA zeolites, on the other hand, experimental evidence suggests that a separate enolization step is unlikely. We propose the possibility of an alternative concerted single-step mechanism that involves coadsorption of two aldehyde molecules at the open M­(IV) Lewis acid site and a subsequent proton transfer between the adsorbates in a collective transition state stabilized by the M–OH group of the open site. The study suggests that the nature of a zeolite dopant can thus be used to control the activity of the catalyst by modifying the reaction mechanism

With Open Arms: Open Sites of ZrBEA Zeolite Facilitate Selective Synthesis of Butadiene from Ethanol

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations have been used to elucidate the nature of active sites of ZrBEA zeolite responsible for the catalytic synthesis of butadiene. We show that the content of open Zr­(IV) Lewis acid sites, represented by isolated Zr atoms in tetrahedral positions of the zeolite crystalline structure connected to three −O–Si linkages and one OH group, correlates with the catalytic activity in the process of conversion of ethanol into butadiene. The higher catalytic activity of the open sites is attributed to their higher acid strength and steric accessibility. The study suggests that the control of such open sites plays a crucial role for the further design of the optimal multifunctional zeolite-based catalysts

Security Tools for GRID-Systems

The security of Grid-systems assumes the consistency, accessibility and confidentiality of system and user information resources that circulate within those systems. These characteristics can be obtained by applying modern tools and technologies from network perimeter security as used in corporate information systems. Our goals are to provide: (i) validity and consistency of computational processes and their results (protection from Grid-terrorism); (ii) protection from interception or substitution for user routines and their results within the Grid (protection from Grid-spying); (iii) protection from full and partial unauthorized usage of computational resources (protection from Grid-parasites). As Gridsystems gain in importance as strategic information systems, reaching the above goals requires the development of an appropriate security policy. This policy should guarantee high immunity against various threats within the Grid-system environment. This paper presents an approach for creating advanced tools and technologies for strengthening security in Grid-systems. This approach is based on the principles of proactivity and self-similarity of distributed security management systems