Evaluación técnica de la planta de tratamiento de agua residual (PTAR), de la inspección de Pueblo Nuevo del municipio de Nilo Cundinamarca

Trabajo de InvestigaciónEste trabajo se realizó con el fin de determinar cual o cuáles son los problemas de las estructuras que perjudican el óptimo funcionamiento de dicha planta de tratamiento, se hizo una comparación de las estructuras actuales con las estructuras calculadas bajos los parámetros RAS-2000 Titulo E (tratamiento de aguas residuales), para los años tanto 2028 como para el 2041, esta comparación muestra los cambios que hay en las diferentes estructuras dependiendo de la cantidad de población servida.1. INTRODUCCIÓN 2. PLANTEAMIENTO Y FORMULACIÓN DEL PROBLEMA 3. JUSTIFICACION 4. OBJETIVOS 5. MARCO DE REFERENCIA 6. DISEÑO METODOLOGICO 7. METODOLOGÍA 8. FASE N°1 - PROYECCIÓN DE LA POBLACIÓN, CON BASE EN LOS CENSOS DE LOS AÑOS 1973, 1985, 1993 Y 2005, Y LOS CRITERIOS DEL REGLAMENTO TÉCNICO DEL SECTOR DE AGUA POTABLE Y SANEAMIENTO BÁSICO RAS-20009. FASE N°2 - ANÁLISIS DEL CONSUMO DE AGUA POTABLE, SEGÚN CRITERIOS DEL REGLAMENTO TÉCNICO DEL SECTOR DE AGUA POTABLE Y SANEAMIENTO BÁSICO RAS-2000, Y ELEMENTOS DE DISEÑO PARA ACUEDUCTOS Y ALCANTARILLADOS 10. FASE N°3 - TRABAJO DE CAMPO 11. FASE N°4 - DIAGNOSTICO DE LAS OBRAS HIDRÁULICAS DE LA PLANTA DE TRATAMIENTO 12. RESULTADOS 13. RESUMEN DE RESULTADOS 14. CONCLUSIONES 15. RECOMENDACIONES 16. BIBLIOGRAFÍA 17. ANEXOSPregradoIngeniero Civi

Exploring the genetic resources of Lens and Rhizobium to improve the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) ability in the lentil crop

Lentil plants (Lens culinaris) have the ability to obtain most of the N they need from N fixation by establishing an efficient symbiotic relationship with Rhizobium. Plant-based diets are gaining the recognition they deserve for sustainability and producing legumes without the use of synthetic N fertilizers is the most sustainable approach. The N fixing ability of representative lentil cultivars, as well as accessions from 6 wild Lens species, was evaluated to determine the potential for wild germplasm to contribute positively to breeding for improved BNF. The contributions of diverse Rhizobium strains from 5 species to lentil productivity under local field conditions was also investigated. Subsequently, the level of specificity of the interactions between Lens accessions and Rhizobium strains with desirable N fixing abilities was explored. How traits related to N fixation are inherited was determined in three interspecific RIL populations from parents displaying contrasting phenotypes. Differential N fixing ability was found among cultivars and wild accessions; no particular species stood out. Wild accessions exhibited indeterminate nodulation, root modifications that responded to different N sources, higher seed percentage protein content, and yields comparable to plants fertilized with synthetic N. CDC Greenstar was the only cultivar with similar yield when inoculated or fertilized. CDC Maxim inoculated with the strain NZLR-24 (Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae) had 9% higher yield under field conditions compared to when inoculated the commercial strain BASF 1435 (Rlv) and 15% more compared to a non-inoculated treatment. Some wild accessions demonstrated a promiscuous ability to efficiently fix N with a broad set of strains, but no cultivar did. The higher effective capacity of the strain NZLR-24 (Rlv) was also evident when used to inoculate Lens from 6 species, making it a suitable option for improved inoculants in the Northern Great Plains, as well as showing its value for selection in future breeding efforts. The strain Oyali B (Rlv) was also noteworthy for its superior interaction with wild Lens, and it is an attractive wild-type resource. Sixteen QTL were identified for nodulation traits among the three interspecific populations; eight were meta-QTL found across two or more populations. Chromosomes 1 and 6 had Meta-QTL for number of nodules, nodule weight and specific nodule weight. Chromosome 7 had one for specific nodule weight. This study establishes the necessary groundwork for understanding the role that exotic germplasm can play for the breeding of better N fixation ability in the lentil crop

Evolution of small-scale magnetic elements in the vicinity of granular-size swirl convective motions

Advances in solar instrumentation have led to a widespread usage of time series to study the dynamics of solar features, specially at small spatial scales and at very fast cadences. Physical processes at such scales are determinant as building blocks for many others occurring from the lower to the upper layers of the solar atmosphere and beyond, ultimately for understanding the bigger picture of solar activity. Ground-based (SST) and space-borne (Hinode) high-resolution solar data are analyzed in a quiet Sun region displaying negative polarity small-scale magnetic concentrations and a cluster of bright points observed in G-band and Ca II H images. The studied region is characterized by the presence of two small-scale convective vortex-type plasma motions, one of which appears to be affecting the dynamics of both, magnetic features and bright points in its vicinity and therefore the main target of our investigations. We followed the evolution of bright points, intensity variations at different atmospheric heights and magnetic evolution for a set of interesting selected regions. A description of the evolution of the photospheric plasma motions in the region nearby the convective vortex is shown, as well as some plausible cases for convective collapse detected in Stokes profiles.Comment: 9 figure

Expanding the genetic resources of lentils and Rhizobium to increase nitrogen fixation (BNF) in the lentil crop

Non-Peer Reviewe

Marrying research evidence and policies in Latin America and the Caribbean: The Case of Violence

Violence is probably the most important public health problem in Latin America and the Caribbean. Despite the efforts to attach that problem, research and policies do not feedback each other in an apropiate way. There is need for develop implementation research in the region in order to reduce that gap.Fil: Ardila Gómez, Sara Elena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Lanus. Departamento de Salud Comunitaria; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología. Área de Salud Pública y Salud Mental; ArgentinaFil: Lugo Palacios, D.. London School Of Hygiene And Tropical Medicine; Reino UnidoFil: Vargas Palacios, E.. No especifíca

Experimental Investigation of Supercooled Water Droplet Breakup near the Leading Edge of an Airfoil

This paper presents the results of an experimental study on supercooled droplet deformation and breakup near the leading edge of an airfoil. The results are compared to prior room-temperature droplet deformation results to explore the effects of droplet supercooling. The experiments were conducted in the Adverse Environment Rotor Test Stand at The Pennsylvania State University. An airfoil model placed at the end of the rotor blades mounted onto the hub in the Adverse Environment Rotor Test Stand chamber was moved at speeds ranging between 50 and 80 ms. The temperature of the chamber was 20C. A monotonic droplet generator was used to produce droplets that fell perpendicular to the airfoil path. High-speed imaging was employed to observe the interaction between the droplets and the airfoil. Cases with equal slip and initial velocity were selected for the two environmental conditions. The airfoil velocity was 60 ms, and the slip velocity for both sets of data was 40 ms. The deformation of the weakly supercooled and warm droplets did not present different trends. The similar behavior for both conditions indicates that water supercooling has no effect on particle deformation for the range of supercooling of the droplets tested and the selected impact velocity

Adherencia a la quimioterapia y radioterapia en pacientes oncológicos: una revisión de la literatura

Objective: To review in databases the relevant literature of adherence to chemotherapy and radiotherapy for cancer; which bring high biological, psychological, social and cultural costs and have been related to lower adherence rates. Method: A search in different databases was performed to identify relevant articles related to the key words. Results: A significant percentage of patients do not adhere to cancer treatments and the consequences of not doing it can unleash in a major risk of death or disease progression, then it is essential to approach this topic and take into account different variables of biological, psychological and social impact on the behavior of adherence or not adherence to the treatments; including the side effects, motivation, decision-making ability, emotional condition, autonomy and life philosophy of each patient. This research contributes to the health staff have more elements to approach this problem and so his interventions are more effective being able to increase the patient´s adherence. Conclusions: Adherence is a multifactorial and multi-determined construct, which has been extensively studied in non cancer treatments (e.g. AIDS) and there is few investigation that supports the efficacy of the psychological interventions to approach not adherence and to promote the adherence to cancer treatments.Objetivo: Realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre la adherencia a la quimioterapia y a la radioterapia para el cáncer, por los altos costos biopsicosociales y culturales que acarrean y que están relacionados con bajas tasas de adherencia. Método: se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura en bases de datos especializadas utilizando las palabras clave. Resultados: Debido a que existe un porcentaje significativo de pacientes que no se adhieren a los tratamientos oncológicos y a que las consecuencias de no hacerlo pueden desencadenar un mayor riesgo de muerte o progresión de la enfermedad, es fundamental abordar este tema y para esto tener en cuenta las diferentes variables de tipo biológico, psicológico y social que influyen en la conducta de adherencia o no adherencia a los tratamientos, entre ellas la experimentación de efectos secundarios, la motivación, la capacidad de toma de decisiones, el estado emocional, la autonomía y la filosofía de vida de cada paciente. Esta investigación contribuye a que el personal de salud tenga más elementos para abordar esta problemática y así sus intervenciones sean más efectivas pudiendo incrementar la adherencia en los pacientes. Conclusiones: La adherencia es un constructo multifactorial y multideterminado, ampliamente estudiado en tratamientos no oncológicos (p.e. SIDA) y hay poca investigación que avale la eficacia de las intervenciones psicológicas para abordar la no adherencia y promover la adherencia a tratamientos oncológicos