Archivo sobre cardiopatías congénitas. Grupo GECAR-AVEPA

En este artículo se presentan los objetivos y las pautas para la elaboración de un archivo sobre cardiopatías congénitas en pequeños animales a nivel nacional, elaborados por una comisión de miembros del Grupo de Especialistas en Cardiorrespiratorio (GECAR) de AVEPA.

Strategies to reengage patients lost to follow up in HIV care in high income countries, a scoping review

Background: Despite remarkable achievements in antiretroviral therapy (ART), losses to follow-up (LTFU) might prevent the long-term success of HIV treatment and might delay the achievement of the 90-90-90 objectives. This scoping review is aimed at the description and analysis of the strategies used in high-income countries to reengage LTFU in HIV care, their implementation and impact. Methods: A scoping review was done following Arksey & O'Malley's methodological framework and recommendations from Joanna Briggs Institute. Peer reviewed articles were searched for in Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science; and grey literature was searched for in Google and other sources of information. Documents were charted according to the information presented on LTFU, the reengagement procedures used in HIV units in high-income countries, published during the last 15 years. In addition, bibliographies of chosen articles were reviewed for additional articles. Results: Twenty-eight documents were finally included, over 80% of them published in the United States later than 2015. Database searches, phone calls and/or mail contacts were the most common strategies used to locate and track LTFU, while motivational interviews and strengths-based techniques were used most often during reengagement visits. Outcomes like tracing activities efficacy, rates of reengagement and viral load reduction were reported as outcome measures. Conclusions: This review shows a recent and growing trend in developing and implementing patient reengagement strategies in HIV care. However, most of these strategies have been implemented in the United States and little information is available for other high-income countries. The procedures used to trace and contact LTFU are similar across reviewed studies, but their impact and sustainability are widely different depending on the country studied

Local deforestation patterns and their driving forces of tropical dry forest in two municipalities in Southern Oaxaca, Mexico (1985-2006)

The tropical dry forest is an ecosystem that is undergoing rapid changes. Although global driving forces behind these changes have been addressed at a local scale, spatio-temporal dynamics are still largely unknown. The main objective of this study was to identify the causes governing the dynamics of changes in land use and land cover in the tropical dry forest in two municipalities in Southern México. Satellite imagery and air photographs were used in a GIS context to produce maps of land use and land cover for 1985, 1995 and 2006. A number of statistical methods (Markov chains, general lineal models and regression tree analysis) were applied to identify the proximate and the underlying causes of deforestation, agriculture being the most important one. When agriculture is mainly for self consumption, topographic factors determine its location. Increasing job opportunities in the tourism sector has resulted in the abandonment of agricultural land; consequently, the forest has recovered. Different studies have examined the dynamics of local deforestation and its driving forces in México; however, this study considered both spatial and temporal elements in order to identify the most important underlying driving forces of deforestation and its dynamics at local scale, and also compared two neighboring municipalities

Local deforestation patterns and driving forces in a tropical dry forest in two municipalities of southern Oaxaca, Mexico (1985-2006))

La selva baja caducifolia es un ecosistema que está presentando grandes cambios. A pesar que a nivel global se han estudiado las fuerzas conductoras del cambio de uso de suelo, a escala local las dinámicas espacio-temporales son ampliamente desconocidas. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue identificar las fuerzas conductoras de los cambios de uso y coberturas del suelo en la selva baja caducifolia en dos municipios al Sur de México. Para alcanzar dicho objetivo fueron utilizadas imágenes satelitales y fotografías aéreas dentro de un SIG, para producir los mapas de uso y de coberturas del suelo para los años 1985, 1995 y 2006. Diferentes métodos estadísticos (cadenas de Markov, modelos lineales generalizados y análisis por regresión de árbol) fueron empleados para identificar las causas próximas y subyacentes de la deforestación, donde resalta la agricultura como la más importante de ellas. Las actividades agrícolas,principalmente la de autoconsumo están delimitadas espacialmente por las características topográficas del terreno. El incremento de las oportunidades de trabajo vinculadas con el sector turístico han resultado en el abandono de las actividades agropecuarias, favoreciendo al regeneración y recuperación del bosque. En México diferentes estudios han examinado las dinámicas locales de la deforestación y las fuerzas conductoras, sin embargo, este estudio considera tanto la escala espacial como la temporal fueron claves para identificar las causas subyacentes más importantes de la deforestación, la dinámicas a escala local y la comparación entre dos municipios vecinos