New information model that allows logical distribution of the control plane for software-defined networking : the distributed active information model (DAIM) can enable an effective distributed control plane for SDN with OpenFlow as the standard protocol

University of Technology Sydney. Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology.In recent years, technological innovations in communication networks, computing applications and information modelling have been increasing significantly in complexity and functionality driven by the needs of the modern world. As large-scale networks are becoming more complex and difficult to manage, traditional network management paradigms struggle to cope with traffic bottlenecks of the traditional switch and routing based networking deployments. Recently, there has been a growing movement led by both industry and academia aiming to develop mechanisms to reach a management paradigm that separates the control plane from the data plane. A new emerging network management paradigm called Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is an attempt to overcome the bottlenecks of traditional data networks. SDN offers a great potential to ease network management, and the OpenFlow protocol in particularly often referred to a radical new idea in networking. SDN adopts the concept of programmable networks which separate the control decisions from forwarding hardware and thus enabling the creation of a standardised programming interface. Flow computation is managed by a centralised controller with the switches only performing simple forwarding functions. This allows researchers to implement their protocols and algorithms to control data packets without impacting on the production network. Therefore, the emerging OpenFlow technology provides more flexible control of networks infrastructure, are cost effective, open and programmable components of network architecture. SDN is very efficient at moving the computational load away from the forwarding plane and into a centralised controller, but a physically centralised controller can represent a single point of failure for the entire network. This centralisation approach brings optimality, however, it creates additional problems of its own including single-domain restriction, scalability, robustness and the ability for switches to adapt well to changes in local environments. This research aims at developing a new distributed active information model (DAIM) to allow programmability of network elements and local decision-making processes that will essentially contribute to complex distributed networks. DAIM offers adaptation algorithms embedded with intelligent information objects to be applied to such complex systems. By applying the DAIM model and these adaptation algorithms, managing complex systems in any distributed network environment can become scalable, adaptable and robust. The DAIM model is integrated into the SDN architecture at the level of switches to provide a logically distributed control plane that can manage the flow setups. The proposal moves the computational load to the switches, which allows them to adapt dynamically according to real-time demands and needs. The DAIM model can enhance information objects and network devices to make their local decisions through its active performance, and thus significantly reduce the workload of a centralised SDN/OpenFlow controller. In addition to the introduction (Chapter 1) and the comprehensive literature reviews (Chapter 2), the first part of this dissertation (Chapter 3) presents the theoretical foundation for the rest of the dissertation. This foundation is comprised of the logically distributed control plane for SDN networks, an efficient DAIM model framework inspired by the O:MIB and hybrid O:XML semantics, as well as the necessary architecture to aggregate the distribution of network information. The details of the DAIM model including design, structure and packet forwarding process are also described. The DAIM software specification and its implementation are demonstrated in the second part of the thesis (Chapter 4). The DAIM model is developed in the C++ programming language using free and open source NetBeans IDE. In more detail, the three core modules that construct the DAIM ecosystem are discussed with some sample code reviews and flowchart diagrams of the implemented algorithms. To show DAIM’s feasibility, a small-size OpenFlow lab based on Raspberry Pi’s has been set up physically to check the compliance of the system with its purpose and functions. Various tasks and scenarios are demonstrated to verify the functionalities of DAIM such as executing a ping command, streaming media and transferring files between hosts. These scenarios are created based on OpenVswitch in a virtualised network using Mininet. The third part (Chapter 5) presents the performance evaluation of the DAIM model, which is defined by four characteristics: round-trip-time, throughput, latency and bandwidth. The ping command is used to measure the mean RTT between two IP hosts. The flow setup throughput and latency of the DAIM controller are measured by using Cbench. Also, Iperf is the tool used to measure the available bandwidth of the network. The performance of the distributed DAIM model has been tested and good results are reported when compared with current OpenFlow controllers including NOX, POX and NOX-MT. The comparisons reveal that DAIM can outperform both NOX and POX controllers. The DAIM’s performance in a physical OpenFlow test lab and other parameters that can affect the performance evaluation are also discussed. Because decentralisation is an essential element of autonomic systems, building a distributed computing environment by DAIM can consequently enable the development of autonomic management strategies. The experiment results show the DAIM model can be one of the architectural approaches to creating the autonomic service management for SDN. The DAIM model can be utilised to investigate the functionalities required by the autonomic networking within the ACNs community. This efficient DAIM model can be further applied to enable adaptability and autonomy to other distributed networks such as WSNs, P2P and Ad-Hoc sensor networks

Development of Color Sorting Simulators on Conveyor Systems and Automated Storage

การวิจัยครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อ 1) เพื่อพัฒนาและประเมินคุณภาพชุดจำลองการคัดแยกสีบนระบบสายพานลำเลียงและ การจัดเก็บสินค้าอัตโนมัติ 2) เพื่อหาประสิทธิภาพการชุดจำลองการคัดแยกสีบนระบบสายพานลำเลียงและการจัดเก็บสินค้าอัตโนมัติ และ 3) เปรียบเทียบผลสัมฤทธิ์ทางการเรียนก่อนเรียนและหลังเรียน กลุ่มตัวอย่างในการวิจัยครั้งนี้ คือนักศึกษาระดับปริญญาตรี สาขาวิชาวิศวกรรมเครื่องกล คณะครุศาสตร์อุตสาหกรรม มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีราชมงคลพระนคร ที่ลงทะเบียนเรียนวิชา ไฮดรอลิกส์และนิวแมติกส์ประยุกต์ ชั้นปีที่ 1/2564 จำนวนทั้งหมด 34 คน ซึ่งได้มาจากการสุ่มแบบเจาะจง เครื่องมือที่ใช้ในการวิจัย ได้แก่ ชุดจำลอง แบบทดสอบระหว่างเรียนและแบบทดสอบหลังเรียน  ใบประเมินคุณภาพชุดฝึก สถิติที่ใช้ในการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูล ค่าเฉลี่ย ส่วนเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน ผลการวิจัยพบว่า 1) ผลการประเมินการคุณภาพชุดจำลองโดยผู้เชี่ยวชาญคุณภาพด้านกายภาพอยู่ในระดับดีมากมีค่าเฉลี่ย (= 4.31, S.D. = 0.69) คุณภาพด้านการใช้งานอยู่ในระดับดีมีค่าเฉลี่ย (= 4.48, S.D. = 0.71) และคุณภาพด้านใบงานทดลองอยู่ในระดับดีมากมีค่าเฉลี่ย  (= 4.66, S.D. = 0.58) 2) ผลการหาประสิทธิภาพชุดจำลองเมื่อนำไปใช้กับกลุ่มผู้เรียนมีค่าเท่ากับ 90.65/93.01 ซึ่งเป็นไปตามเกณฑ์ 80/80 และ 3) นักศึกษามีผลสัมฤทธิ์ทางการเรียนหลังเรียนสูงกว่าก่อนเรียนอย่างมีนัยสําคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับ .01 เป็นไปตามสมติฐานการวิจัย ดังนั้นชุดจำลองการคัดแยกสีบนระบบสายพานลำเลียงและการจัดเก็บสินค้าอัตโนมัติที่พัฒนาขึ้นสามารถนำมาใช้ประกอบการเรียนการสอนด้านวิศวกรรมเครื่องกลได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพการวิจัยครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อ 1) เพื่อพัฒนาและประเมินคุณภาพชุดจำลองการคัดแยกสีบนระบบสายพานลำเลียงและ การจัดเก็บสินค้าอัตโนมัติ 2) เพื่อหาประสิทธิภาพการชุดจำลองการคัดแยกสีบนระบบสายพานลำเลียงและการจัดเก็บสินค้าอัตโนมัติ และ 3) เปรียบเทียบผลสัมฤทธิ์ทางการเรียนก่อนเรียนและหลังเรียน กลุ่มตัวอย่างในการวิจัยครั้งนี้ คือนักศึกษาระดับปริญญาตรี สาขาวิชาวิศวกรรมเครื่องกล คณะครุศาสตร์อุตสาหกรรม มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีราชมงคลพระนคร ที่ลงทะเบียนเรียนวิชา ไฮดรอลิกส์และนิวแมติกส์ประยุกต์ ชั้นปีที่ 1/2564 จำนวนทั้งหมด 34 คน ซึ่งได้มาจากการสุ่มแบบเจาะจง เครื่องมือที่ใช้ในการวิจัย ได้แก่ ชุดจำลอง แบบทดสอบระหว่างเรียนและแบบทดสอบหลังเรียน  ใบประเมินคุณภาพชุดฝึก สถิติที่ใช้ในการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูล ค่าเฉลี่ย ส่วนเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน ผลการวิจัยพบว่า 1) ผลการประเมินการคุณภาพชุดจำลองโดยผู้เชี่ยวชาญคุณภาพด้านกายภาพอยู่ในระดับดีมากมีค่าเฉลี่ย (= 4.31, S.D. = 0.69) คุณภาพด้านการใช้งานอยู่ในระดับดีมีค่าเฉลี่ย (= 4.48, S.D. = 0.71) และคุณภาพด้านใบงานทดลองอยู่ในระดับดีมากมีค่าเฉลี่ย  (= 4.66, S.D. = 0.58) 2) ผลการหาประสิทธิภาพชุดจำลองเมื่อนำไปใช้กับกลุ่มผู้เรียนมีค่าเท่ากับ 90.65/93.01 ซึ่งเป็นไปตามเกณฑ์ 80/80 และ 3) นักศึกษามีผลสัมฤทธิ์ทางการเรียนหลังเรียนสูงกว่าก่อนเรียนอย่างมีนัยสําคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับ .01 เป็นไปตามสมติฐานการวิจัย ดังนั้นชุดจำลองการคัดแยกสีบนระบบสายพานลำเลียงและการจัดเก็บสินค้าอัตโนมัติที่พัฒนาขึ้นสามารถนำมาใช้ประกอบการเรียนการสอนด้านวิศวกรรมเครื่องกลได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภา

Effects of Carbonation on Corrosion Rate of Reinforcing Steel in Different Concrete and Repair Materials

Reinforced concrete with different concrete mix proportions, i.e. binder types or w/b ratio, would provide different quality to protect the reinforcing steel from corrosion. When carbonation occurred, corrosion of steel embedded in concrete can be initiated. This paper reports effects of carbonation on electrochemical properties of steel embedded in concrete with different mix proportions as w/b ratio of 0.4 and 0.6, fly ash added up to 30% by weight of binder, and also in six repair materials. All samples was exposed to accelerated carbonation (4% CO2, 50 ± 5% relative humidity (RH), and 40 0C temperature) and laboratory environment (0.04% CO2, 75 ± 5% RH, and 28 0C). The electrical resistivity was monitored by using four-point Wenner probe. The Linear polarization resistance (LPR) was used to characterize the corrosion rate of embedded steel at different exposure time. The carbonation depth of specimens was also tested by using the phenolphthalein indicator. The void contents of repair material specimens were also determined. The results showed that the electrical resistivity of concretes and repair materials increased along with an increase of carbonation depth. However, in case of fly ash concrete, the electrical resistivity decreased at longer exposure period in accelerated carbonation due to decomposition of C-S-H by carbonation. It was also found that the corrosion rate of steel embedded in concrete and repair materials increased as an increase of carbonation depth, even the carbonation depth was less than the covering depth. Steel embedded in ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete or low w/b concrete shows lower corrosion rate due to higher pH of concrete. The guideline for evaluation of corrosion initiation and severity due to carbonation is also proposed

Effect of Chloride and Corrosion of Reinforcing Steel on Thermal Behavior of Concrete and Its Modeling

Chloride induced corrosion of reinforcing steel is a significant problem. Non-destructive technique to inspect the corrosion of reinforcing steel is required. Thermograph is one of the Non-Destructive Testing methods which may be useful for detecting corroded bar in reinforced concrete. This study aims to investigate the thermal behavior of concrete influenced by chloride and corrosion of reinforcing steel at different corrosion levels. The results of thermal behavior of chloride and corrosion product contaminated concrete are useful for determining the detectability of corrosion by thermograph. Different mix proportions of concrete and also level of corrosion were studied. The results of temperature profiles obtained from experimental work proved that when there is presence of dense rust confined at the interfacial zone between concrete and steel, thermal behavior of concrete around steel bar changed. The results revealed that when applying heat source on the top surface of the specimen, there was a slight change of temperature on top of corroded bar while there was more signification change of temperature below the corroded bar. This is because the dense rust with low porosity is a better heat conductor when compared to concrete, transferring the heat faster to the part below the rusted bar

Evaluation of grass pollen quality control for allergy test kit production using pollen morphological characters

Grass pollen is one of the leading causes of allergies in throughout the world. The symptom level depends on the personal immunity. Pollen allergy test kits are suitable for detecting allergic symptoms, which they are produced from pure pollen of specific species. The production of pollen allergy testing kits requires accurate botanical standards and identification for the process of quality control of raw materials basing on Thai Food and drug ministration (Thai FDA). To produce allergy test kit, we focused on the pollen of these 6 common grass species and also use pollen morphological characters for detection and identification. Therefore, this study focused on the method for qualification control and standardization for prototype product of grass pollen allergy testing kit. Six common grass species as Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) B.K.Simon & S.W.L. Jacobs, Oryza sativa L., Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, Urochloa eminii (Mez) Davidse, Urochloa mutica (Forssk.) T.Q.Nguyen and Zea mays L.). The criteria were: 1) common in Thailand and Southeast Asia; 2) high density in the atmosphere; and 3) severity of the allergic reaction. The modified acetolysis were applied for samples preparation. The pollen morphological (polar and equatorial axes, exine, porus, annulus and ornamentation) were observed and measurement under light and scanning electron microscope. The character matrix was analyzed based on a regression tree and Tukey’s HSD test to assess support for the different pollen morphological characters. The distinguished character is ornamentation. The results were successfully described the pollen species and showed that the pollen morphologies were useful for contaminated detection. In addition, this method was suitable applied for qualification control of the raw materials for grass pollen allergy testing kits production

The Internationalization of Thai Firms: An Institution-Based View

Internationalization of Thai firms has increased dramatically in the recent years. This research examines outward FDI behavior of Thai firm by using regulative, normative, and cognitive pillars of institution-based view. The research studies he case of Siam City Cement Plc which is a thai firm that has internationalized to three foreign countries, namely, Cambodia, Indonesia, and Bangladesh. This paper presents the findings from institutional perspective. The study identifies that regional integration in South-East Asia, company policy, and social values and industry norms are influential to outward FDI decisions. In addition, the use of other frameworks is suggested to aid the understanding of the behavior

Effects of substrate types on nitrogen removal efficacy and growth of Canna indica L.

Constructed wetlands (CWs), a cost effective technology for wastewater treatment, consist of substrates and wetland plants, which should be selected carefully to gain highest treatment efficiency. However, studies on plant growth and responses to different types of substrates are very few. This study aims to assess the effects of substrate types on growth and root morphology of Canna indica L. and nitrogen (N) removal. Twenty-four similar sized approximately 1 month old C. indica plants were selected and grown on different substrates (gravel, pumice and biochar). All plants were supplied with a standard growth medium to which 14 mg L-1 NH4+, 14 mg L-1 NO3-, 3 mg L-1 PO43- were added and pH was adjusted to 6.5. The growth solution was renewed every week. The plants were grown under greenhouse conditions for 45 d. Results showed that growth of C. indica was not significantly different among treatments but differences on root morphology were found. Plants grown on pumice had the largest root diameters while plants grown on biochar had the longest roots. In the gravel-filled treatment, C. indica showed the lowest root diameter and root length but formed more internal air space in its roots. It indicates that types of substrate can affect O2 supply and root morphological adaptation. Moreover, the porous substrate bed systems were capable of eliminating more NH4+ than gravel bed systems, with the NH4+ removal rates of 5.6–6.3 mg L-1 d-1 compared to 4.7 mg L-1 d-1, respectively. The results show that porous substrates can act as plant supporting substrates and play important roles in N adsorption. Also, they can improve oxygen supply and stimulate root growth. Thus, application of porous substrates as filter media could help to increase pollutant removal efficacy of CWs

Effects of Concrete Mix Proportion and Chloride Content on Electrochemical Properties of Reinforcing Steel in Concrete

Corrosion of steel in concrete has been considered as a major cause reducing the lifespan of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Evaluation of corrosion rate is crucial to determine service life and maintenance plaining for RC structures. Electrochemical properties of corrosion of embedded steel in concrete, including the Tafel slope, corrosion potential and corrosion current density, are significant parameters predicting corrosion rate. The objective of this paper was to quantitatively evaluate electrochemical properties of steel in different compositions of concrete. Varied parameters include the water to binder ratio of concrete, type of binder and chloride content. The electrochemical properties were evaluated at three periods of exposure. Experimental results reveal that the electrochemical properties of reinforcing steel depend on water to binder ratio, type of binder and chloride content. An increase in chloride content significantly decreases the corrosion potential and increases the corrosion rate of steel. The anodic equilibrium potential is lower with an increase in chloride content. The varied concrete mix proportion significantly influence the cathodic polarization. This is due to the effects of concrete porosity on oxygen concentration, which is influenced by the concrete mix proportions. The results can be used to predict corrosion rate of steel in various concrete mix proportion for determining service life and repairing of RC structures

Baseline fragmented QRS increases the risk of major arrhythmic events in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Systematic review and meta‐analysis

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/144613/1/anec12533.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/144613/2/anec12533_am.pd

The Internationalization of Thai Firms: An Institution-Based View

Internationalization of Thai firms has increased dramatically in the recent years. This research examines outward FDI behavior of Thai firm by using regulative, normative, and cognitive pillars of institution-based view. The research studies he case of Siam City Cement Plc which is a thai firm that has internationalized to three foreign countries, namely, Cambodia, Indonesia, and Bangladesh. This paper presents the findings from institutional perspective. The study identifies that regional integration in South-East Asia, company policy, and social values and industry norms are influential to outward FDI decisions. In addition, the use of other frameworks is suggested to aid the understanding of the behavior