Jeńcy wojenni, uchodźcy, zakładnicy i deportowani z Galicji w latach I wojny światowej na terenie Imperium Rosyjskiego

The Great War of 1914–18 that embroiled all Europe had a particular impact on the people inhabiting its central and eastern parts. One of the most important issues at that time was the problem of war migrations that in this area affected several millions of people. The presented text brings up the little known question of the war experience of the inhabitants of Galicia who most of that period lived as refugees or prisoners of war in the territory of the Russian Empire.Wielka Wojna 1914–1918 tocząca się na terenie całej Europy w szczególny sposób doświadczyła mieszkańców jej środkowej i wschodniej części. Jedną z najważniejszych kwestii stanowił w tym czasie problem migracji wojennych, który na tym obszarze objął kilkanaście milionów ludzi. Przedstawiany tekst podejmuje mało znaną kwestię doświadczenia wojennego tych mieszkańców Galicji, którzy większość tego okresu przeżyli jako uchodźcy bądź jeńcy wojenni na terenach Imperium Rosyjskiego

Very aggressive gastric adenocarcinoma with rare osteoclast — like giant cells: a case report and review of the literature

Extraskeletal carcinomas with osteoclast-like giant cells (OGC) constitute a rare type of malignant tumors, usually located in the pancreas, gall bladder, breast and kidney. Histologically they are characterized by the presence of mul­tinucleated giant cells that resemble osteoclasts mixed with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma cells. This paper reports a case of primary gastric adenocarcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells in a 75-year-old woman who suffered from epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting and weight loss. Histological examination of the tissue obtained during initial surgery (subtotal palliative Billroth II resection) revealed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with an infiltrate of osteoclast-like giant cells and no EBV immunostaining (non-lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma, stage pT4aN3a). The tumor progressed rapidly with extensive perigastric involvement, infiltration of the paraaortic lymph nodes and the head of the pancreas. Poor general condition (WHO 3) prevented postoperative chemotherapy. The patient died 5 months after surgery due to rapid relapse. There is still a lack of knowledge to determine the prognosis for patients with OGC carcinomas. In this study, we report a case of gastric adenocarcinoma with OGC and review the previously published literature clinical and pathologic data on this rare neoplasm

Distribution of microtubules during regular and disturbed microsporogenesis and pollen grain development in Gagea lutea (L.) Ker.-Gaw.

The microtubular cytoskeleton in dividing microsporocytes and developing pollen grains of Gagea lutea (L.) Ker.-Gaw.(Liliaceae) was investigated with a modified indirect immunofluorescence method. Meiotic and mitotic stages were identified by DAPI staining. The microtubular cytoskeleton was compared in plants originating from natural localities and others grown in the laboratory. In natural conditions, microsporocytes and pollen grains of wild early-spring Gagea lutea plants are subjected to abiotic factors including cold exposure and lack of water. The persistent influence of these factors can disturb microtubular cytoskeleton functioning. The following disturbances were observed in the course of microsporogenesis and pollen development: abnormal chromosome configurations in the metaphase of meiosis I; abnormally divided dyads with irregular, radial microtubule systems around the nuclei; the formation of differently sized microspores with irregular shapes, and irregular division; and the formation of pollen grains with vacuoles abnormal for their development stage. Similar kinds of disturbances were observed after 1.5 months of cold treatment (4 ^{\circ}C) and drying in the laboratory. These abiotic factors simulated in laboratory conditions caused more disturbances in the course of microsporogenesis and produced more frequent defective pollen grains than in the sample that had experienced cold and drying in natural conditions

A Study of Point Defects in the B2-Phase Region of the Fe-Al System by Mossbauer Spectroscopy

In this work, we employed the Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction in a study of point defect formation in intermetallic phases of the B2 structure of the Fe{Al system as a function of Al concentration. The results are compared with the concentrations of point defect determined from positron annihilation data. In the MÄossbauer effect, two types of samples are investigated: Fe{Al alloys with few additives obtained by induction melting and Al-rich metallic powders produced by the self-decomposition method and intensive grinding of high energy in the electro-magneto-mechanical mill. We present the values of the 57Fe isomer shift and quadrupole splitting for the components describing the point defect in the local environment of a MÄossbauer nuclide. The concentration of the Fe vacancies and Fe atoms substituting Al (Fe{AS) are determined. The results showed that an increase in Al content causes an increase in vacancy and Fe{AS concentration

Structural relaxation in Fe78Nb2B20 amorphous alloy studied by Mossbauer Spectroscopy

It was shown that soft magnetic properties of Fe78Nb2B20 amorphous alloy can be significantly improved by applying 1-h annealing at temperature 623 K (permeability increases even about 8 times). The Mössbauer Spectroscopy technique indicated that the optimized microstructure (corresponding to the maximum magnetic permeability) is free of iron nanograins and should be attributed to annealing out of free volume and a reduction of internal stresses i.e. to the relaxed amorphous phase

Ordering process of Fe28Al and Fe28Al5Cr alloys

Purpose: The comparison of ordering process in Fe28Al and Fe28Al5Cr alloys annealed for 8, 16 and 48 hours at 1000°C was performed. The composition of studied alloys is closed to one of Fe3Al phase. Design/methodology/approach: The studied alloys were melted in induction furnace under vacuum. Next the alloys were gravitatively casted into cylindrical graphite moulds. The alloy samples were annealed at 1000°C for 8, 16 and 48 hours. The ordering process was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy and positron annihilation methods. Findings: Different behaviour of Fe28Al and Fe28Al5Cr alloys during annealing for 8, 16 and 48 hours at 1000°C was found. The Fe3Al phase of DO3 type structure was stated only in the sample of Fe28Al alloy annealed for 48 hours. The FeAl phase appeared to be the main phase in the other samples. Research limitations/implications: The applied investigation methods appeared to be useful in the studies of long range ordering process. Application of Rietveld refinement method enabled the verification of qualitative phase analysis and the determination of lattice constant parameters. Relatively great grain sizes in studied samples made the exact determination of long range ordering parameters difficult. Practical implications: The information on the phase transformation during the heat treatment of alloys, including long range ordering, are of prime importance for technological processing. The structures with long range ordering significantly affect the properties of alloys with intermetallic phases. Originality/value: Good correlation between the results of X-ray diffraction, Mōssbauer spectroscopy and positron annihilation methods were obtained. Addition of chromium made the long range ordering process slower

Psychospołeczne uwarunkowania nałogu palenia w populacji polskiej. Wyniki Ogólnopolskiego Badania Stanu Zdrowia Ludności Polski – WOBASZ

Psycho-social factors related with smoking in the Polish populationAim of the study is to examine the relationship between smoking and psychosocial factors – in the Polish population aged 20–74 years. Methodology: Results are based on data from WOBASZ. Survey covered a representative sample of men and women aged 20–74 years. Data was collected from the response to the questions from the questionnaire. Smoker was defined as the person who regularly smokes at least 1 cigarette per day.Results: From the drawn sample 13,285 people were examined – 6291 men and 6994 women. Smokers were 42% of men and 25% of women. Most smokers were pointed out in the groups aged 35–44 (44% M, 32% W) and 45–54 years (46% M and 31% W). The least smokers were in the oldest group aged 65–74 22% M and 5% W. The average age of initiation is low – 18 ± 3.6 years for men and 20 ± 4.9 years for women. Most smokers have primary education (69% M and 53% W), several times more in compare to those with higher education (6% M and 10% W). Most often smoker is a person doing physical work (43% M and 29% W). Single men smoked more often (43% M). Most smokers were in the lowest income group (44% M and 27% W) compared to those with the highest income (25% M, 18% W). People with low social support have a higher frequency of smoking (35% M, 41% W), and persons with depressive symptoms (23% M, 30% W). Most of the smokers declared intention to quit smoking (85% M and 83% W). The most common reasons for quitting were self-motivation (more than 40% of smokers), and fear of disease (17% W, 18% M)