High-temperatures corrosion of AISI 316L and AISI 430 steels in dynamic conditions with molten solar salt

ABSTRACT: Potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate in mixing proportion of KNO3–NaNO3 40-60 wt% (also called solar salt) has been successfully used for over a decade as a heat storage medium for concentrated solar power plants. At temperatures of 550 ºC, reached in state-of-the-art solar tower systems, corrosion of metallic components in contact with solar salt can become an issue and has caused leaks and plant shut-downs in recently built tower projects. While the corrosion rates of several materials have been determined for different temperatures in static molten salt immersion experiments, there is a lack of corrosion data for dynamic inservice conditions. Fluid dynamics and scale-up are two factors that can influence the corrosion phenomena. In this work, corrosion studies were carried out on austenitic stainless steel (SS) (AISI 316L) and ferritic steel (AISI 430) under dynamic conditions, with long-term immersion in solar salt, on a pilot scale. It was found that AISI 316L steel forming more adherent oxides, presented a significantly lower corrosion rate than the AISI 430 steel, due to the formation of a protective FeCr2O4 layer, making it less susceptible to corrosion. The measured corrosion rates are presented and compared to static corrosion tests.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A direct comparative study of the corrosion behaviour of Si-free and Si-rich slurry aluminide coatings in molten carbonate melts

ABSTRACT: This study is focused on the evaluation of the hot corrosion behaviour of two low-cost slurry aluminide coatings with and without Si addition deposited on ferritic-martensitic steels, comparing them with uncoated steel, after 1000-h of exposure to Li, K, Na molten carbonates at 650ºC, under static and dynamic conditions with a high linear velocity (1.3 m/s). Both coatings evidenced a high performance increase in comparison with uncoated substrates after exposure in both conditions. Both coatings behaved in a similar way according to the gravimetric results. However, after dynamic exposure, the Si-free aluminide maintained its morphology and composition after 1000 h with α-LiAlO2 as the only corrosion product while the Si-rich coating showed a higher attack extent in the outer part and developed a large quantity of voids at the coating/substrate interface, leading to substrate corrosion.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Evaluation of two projects on Sleep Education: “Sleep Schools Project” and “Sleep more to Read better”

Objectives: The present work aims to present the activities of sleep education and sleep awareness, whenever an educational model is assumed: a three-dimensional model about sleep, addressing sleep habits, personal and environmental factors with nine subcategories, together with the associated community projects around sleep and scientific research activities. Two projects are evaluated: Sleep Schools Project (SSP) and Sleep more to Read better (SMRB) Methods: In spite of somewhat different objectives both projects used similar methodologies and therefore are evaluated together. The program was developed in public and private Portuguese schools, from “kindergarden” to Secondary school???. The observation period is 5 years. The number of educational and awareness actions was computed along project evolution and trends measured. Idem for community projects around sleep, research presentations, education materials and media dissemination (direct and indirect impacts). Besides, a quantitative evaluation of the territorial areas covered and the number of target subjects involved was done. Furthermore the accuracy and efficiency of the model was assessed. Chi square, regression and trend analysis were applied. Results: The attendants, and project targets, were teachers, parents, students, health professionals. The number of sessions performed from 2009 to 2014 increased exponentially. ??? The same holds for the number of attendants and visited schools???. The total number of scientific communications was 37; while … questionnaires and 1 model were validated. The number of community projects also increased and is presently …. The number of communication in the media (TV, radio and news papers also increased significantly. The territorial distribution shows a higher density of actions in the littoral regions with significantly lower values in the interior and southern regions. Conclusions: The present data are clear indicators of significant awareness raising, but future work must deal with measurement of impacts upon children/ adolescents sleep behaviorsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Avaliação da resistência à exposição atmosférica de madeiras termo-modificadas

RESUMO: Em sentido lato pode-se afirmar que a madeira sofre biocorrosão, o que constitui um fator limitante para a sua aplicação no exterior, caso não haja uma proteção adequada. A termo-modifcação é um dos métodos utilizados para aumentar a durabilidade da madeira. Uma das vantagens deste processo é que não requer qualquer tipo de adição de químicos. A temperatura utilizada no processo induz a alterações químicas dos constituintes da matriz celular que promovem o aumento da durabilidade aos agentes bióticos e abióticos, mas também provoca alterações nas propriedades mecânicas, nomeadamente a diminuição do módulo de elasticidade (MOE) e de rotura (MOR). O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a avaliação da durabilidade da madeira termo-modificada de 3 espécies: o pinheiro-bravo (Pinus pinaster), a principal espécie utilizada pela indústria portuguesa de madeira sólida, a acácia (Acacia melanoxylon) e o freixo (Fraxinus excelsior). Amostras destas madeiras termomodificadas foram depois, expostas durante 2 anos em duas estações de ensaio representativas de dois ambientes diferentes, no Lumiar (ambiente urbano) e em Sines (ambiente marítimo/industrial). A avaliação da resistência da madeira à exposição atmosférica, incluiu a recolha de amostras ao longo de 24 meses de exposição e a análise das superfícies das amostras por espetroscopia de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR) com acessório de refletância total atenuada (ATR) e por microscopia eletrónica de varrimento (SEM) com um espectrómetro de raios X de energia dispersiva (EDS) associado. Os resultados preliminares indicam um comportamento semelhante para todas as madeiras expostas em ambas as estações. Verificou-se, contudo, que embora se tivesse observado o aparecimento de fendas e de inúmeras partículas na superfície de todas as madeiras, houve uma maior incidência nas expostas em Sines (zona com maiores variações de humidade e temperatura), nomeadamente nas amostras de 9 meses, onde se observaram na superfície cristais de NaCl, devido à proximidade desta estação da orla marítima. Os espetros de FTIR-ATR indicam ter ocorrido diminuição do teor em hemiceluloses e de lenhina na superfície das amostras principalmente nas amostras recolhidas após os 24 meses de exposição, tanto em Sines como no Lumiar.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Corrosividade de sais de lítio para armazenamento de energia em centrais de concentração solar

RESUMO: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo estudar a corrosão de um aço inoxidável em contacto com um fluido de transferência de calor alternativo, para que possa ser utilizado como material estrutural no sistema de armazenamento de energia térmica numa central de energia solar de concentração (CSP). A atividade experimental envolveu a imersão do aço AISI 316L, em condições estáticas, numa mistura de sal ternário com Li2CO3-Na2CO3-K2CO3 (32,1; 33,4; 34,5 % m/m) durante 3000 h a 650 °C. A perda de massa ao longo do tempo de exposição é elevada com um aumento linear a partir das 120 horas de exposição. Através das técnicas SEM/EDS e DRX foi possível verificar a existência de várias camadas de óxidos com diferentes composições químicas, o que aliado ao aumento das suas espessuras ao longo do tempo, permitiu compreender os mecanismos de corrosão envolvidos. As amostras de sal retiradas ao longo do tempo foram caracterizadas por DSC e comparadas com a mistura pura de modo avaliar a sua estabilidade.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Safety and Health at Work - Assessment tool: Dairy Products

This manual aims to assist the Work Health and Safety Assessment Tool – Dairy Products user, in carrying out a simplified and easy-to-use occupational risk assessment with a view to adopting risk control solutions at workplaces. The design of this tool trie to provide an instrument capable of being used without internet access or specific software installation. In addition to its main purpose, this tool can also be used for workers consultation or training actions, provided as a complement of the other instruments developed within the scope of this project. The tool is organized in three distinct parts (see Figure 1): the first, where a checklist is filled out, from which a graphical overview is obtained, which will give the overview of the level of risk control (second part). This synthesis of results allows the user to immediately visualize the level of control of the main risks and in which will have to make major interventions. Finally, the third part appears, where a report is generated with solutions, particularized for each one of the risks in which the adoption of measures proves necessary.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Safety and Health at Work: Assessment tool- Bakery/Pastry Products

This manual aims to assist the Work Health and Safety Assessment Tool – Bread/Pastry Products user, in carrying out a simplified and easy-to-use occupational risk assessment with a view to adopting risk control solutions at workplaces. The design of this tool trie to provide an instrument capable of being used without internet access or specific software installation. In addition to its main purpose, this tool can also be used for workers consultation or training actions, provided as a complement of the other instruments developed within the scope of this project. The tool is organized in three distinct parts (see Figure 1): the first, where a checklist is filled out, from which a graphical overview is obtained, which will give the overview of the level of risk control (second part). This synthesis of results allows the user to immediately visualize the level of control of the main risks and in which will have to make major interventions. Finally, the third part appears, where a report is generated with solutions, particularized for each one of the risks in which the adoption of measures proves necessary.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Sweets and Jams

This manual aims to assist the Work Health and Safety Assessment Tool – Horticultural Products – Sweets and Jams user, in carrying out a simplified and easy-to-use occupational risk assessment with a view to adopting risk control solutions at workplaces. The design of this tool trie to provide an instrument capable of being used without internet access or specific software installation. In addition to its main purpose, this tool can also be used for workers consultation or training actions, provided as a complement of the other instruments developed within the scope of this project. The tool is organized in three distinct parts (see Figure 1): the first, where a checklist is filled out, from which a graphical overview is obtained, which will give the overview of the level of risk control (second part). This synthesis of results allows the user to immediately visualize the level of control of the main risks and in which will have to make major interventions. Finally, the third part appears, where a report is generated with solutions, particularized for each one of the risks in which the adoption of measures proves necessary.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Safety and Health at Work - Assessment tool: Meat Products

This manual aims to assist the Work Health and Safety Assessment Tool – Meat Products user, in carrying out a simplified and easy-to-use occupational risk assessment with a view to adopting risk control solutions at workplaces. The design of this tool trie to provide an instrument capable of being used without internet access or specific software installation. In addition to its main purpose, this tool can also be used for workers consultation or training actions, provided as a complement of the other instruments developed within the scope of this project. The tool is organized in three distinct parts: the first, where a checklist is filled out, from which a graphical overview is obtained, which will give the overview of the level of risk control (second part). This synthesis of results allows the user to immediately visualize the level of control of the main risks and in which will have to make major interventions. Finally, the third part appears, where a report is generated with solutions, particularized for each one of the risks in which the adoption of measures proves necessary.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Predictors of cardiac involvement in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies

Copyright © 2023 Bandeira, Dourado, Melo, Martins, Fraga, Ferraro, Saraiva, Sousa, Parente, Soares, Correia, Almeida, Dinis, Pinto, Oliveira Pinheiro, Rato, Beirão, Samões, Santos, Mazeda, Chícharo, Faria, Neto, Lourenço, Brites, Rodrigues, Silva-Dinis, Dias, Araújo, Martins, Couto, Valido, Santos, Barreira, Fonseca and Campanilho-Marques. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.Objectives: Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are a group of rare disorders that can affect the heart. This work aimed to find predictors of cardiac involvement in IIM. Methods: Multicenter, open cohort study, including patients registered in the IIM module of the Rheumatic Diseases Portuguese Register (Reuma.pt/Myositis) until January 2022. Patients without cardiac involvement information were excluded. Myo(peri)carditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, conduction abnormalities, and/or premature coronary artery disease were considered. Results: 230 patients were included, 163 (70.9%) of whom were females. Thirteen patients (5.7%) had cardiac involvement. Compared with IIM patients without cardiac involvement, these patients had a lower bilateral manual muscle testing score (MMT) at the peak of muscle weakness [108.0 ± 55.0 vs 147.5 ± 22.0, p=0.008] and more frequently had oesophageal [6/12 (50.0%) vs 33/207 (15.9%), p=0.009] and lung [10/13 (76.9%) vs 68/216 (31.5%), p=0.001] involvements. Anti-SRP antibodies were more commonly identified in patients with cardiac involvement [3/11 (27.3%) vs 9/174 (5.2%), p=0.026]. In the multivariate analysis, positivity for anti-SRP antibodies (OR 104.3, 95% CI: 2.5-4277.8, p=0.014) was a predictor of cardiac involvement, regardless of sex, ethnicity, age at diagnosis, and lung involvement. Sensitivity analysis confirmed these results. Conclusion: Anti-SRP antibodies were predictors of cardiac involvement in our cohort of IIM patients, irrespective of demographical characteristics and lung involvement. We suggest considering frequent screening for heart involvement in anti-SRP-positive IIM patients.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio