Impact of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines on Pneumonia Hospitalizations in High- and Low-Income Subpopulations in Brazil.

BackgroundPneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) are being used worldwide. A key question is whether the impact of PCVs on pneumonia is similar in low- and high-income populations. However, most low-income countries, where the burden of disease is greatest, lack reliable data that can be used to evaluate the impact. Data from middle-income countries that have both low- and high-income subpopulations can provide a proxy measure for the impact of the vaccine in low-income countries.MethodsWe evaluated the impact of PCV10 on hospitalizations for all-cause pneumonia in Brazil, a middle-income country with localities that span a broad range of human development index (HDI) levels. We used complementary time series and spatiotemporal methods (synthetic controls and hierarchical Bayesian spatial regression) to test whether the decline in pneumonia hospitalizations associated with vaccine introduction varied across the socioeconomic spectrum.ResultsWe found that the declines in all-cause pneumonia hospitalizations in children and young and middle-aged adults did not vary substantially across low and high HDI subpopulations. Moreover, the estimated declines seen in infants and young adults were associated with higher levels of uptake of the vaccine at a local level.ConclusionsThese results suggest that PCVs have an important impact on hospitalizations for all-cause pneumonia in both low- and high-income populations

Construção de banco de dados no BrOffice Base.

Com o desenvolvimento dos computadores e da linguagem digital, as informações deixaram de ser armazenadas manualmente em um formato analógico. Para administrar essas informações, foram criados os bancos de dados, os quais são capazes de gerenciar um grande volume de informação de maneira ágil, rápida e segura. Neste documento é apresentado de forma detalhada a construção de um banco de dados utilizando o BrOffice Base. O resultado final é um esquema de criação e apresentação de um banco de dados padrão do BrOffice, onde o usuário poderá acessar informações e interagir com elas.bitstream/item/107235/1/2269.pd

Morphological and Chemical Analysis of the Molecularly-Imprinted Polymer-Based D-Arabinose Sensor on a Modified Electrode with Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes

he sensors modified carbon nanotubes and molecularly imprinted polymers are an excellent choice for the determination of D-arabinose, because they have high selectivity and sensitivity for analysis. This allows the control and optimization of the second generation ethanol production process, given the clear understanding of the chemical changes that occur through the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. For this reason, the present work presents a chemical study of the functional groups of the chemical species present on the sensor surface by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) technique and a morphological analysis by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique.Fil: Sousa, Miguel S. P.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Ferretti, Cristián Alejandro. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Química Aplicada del Litoral. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Química Aplicada del Litoral.; ArgentinaFil: Kneeteman, Maria Nelida. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Química Aplicada del Litoral. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Química Aplicada del Litoral.; ArgentinaFil: Paim, Leonardo L.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasi

Default mode network maturation and environmental adversities during childhood

Default mode network (DMN) plays a central role in cognition and brain disorders. It has been shown that adverse environmental conditions impact neurodevelopment, but how these conditions impact in DMN maturation is still poorly understood. This article reviews representative neuroimaging functional studies addressing the interactions between DMN development and environmental factors, focusing on early life adversities, a critical period for brain changes. Studies focused on this period of life offer a special challenge: to disentangle the neurodevelopmental connectivity changes from those related to environmental conditions. We first summarized the literature on DMN maturation, providing an overview of both typical and atypical development patterns in childhood and early adolescence. Afterward, we focused on DMN changes associated with chronic exposure to environmental adversities during childhood. This summary suggests that changes in DMN development could be a potential allostatic neural feature associated with an embodiment of environmental circumstances. Finally, we discuss about some key methodological issues that should be considered in paradigms addressing environmental adversities and open questions for future investigations

Non-Invasive Neuromodulation Methods to Alleviate Symptoms of Huntington\u27s Disease: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Huntington\u27s disease (HD) is a progressive and debilitating neurodegenerative disease. There is growing evidence for non-invasive neuromodulation tools as therapeutic strategies in neurodegenerative diseases. This systematic review aims to investigate the effectiveness of noninvasive neuromodulation in HD-associated motor, cognitive, and behavioral symptoms. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials, Embase, and PsycINFO from inception to 13 July 2021. Case reports, case series, and clinical trials were included while screening/diagnostic tests involving non-invasive neuromodulation, review papers, experimental studies on animal models, other systematic reviews, and meta-analyses were excluded. We have identified 19 studies in the literature investigating the use of ECT, TMS, and tDCS in the treatment of HD. Quality assessments were performed using Joanna Briggs Institute\u27s (JBI\u27s) critical appraisal tools. Eighteen studies showed improvement of HD symptoms, but the results were very heterogeneous considering different intervention techniques and protocols, and domains of symptoms. The most noticeable improvement involved depression and psychosis after ECT protocols. The impact on cognitive and motor symptoms is more controversial. Further investigations are required to determine the therapeutic role of distinct neuromodulation techniques for HD-related symptoms

Interação pesquisa-ensino como parte da elaboração do atlas ambiental escolar da Região Metropolitana de Campinas.

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Avaliação de imagens multiespectrais LANDSAT/TM5 em radiância e reflectância de superfície na utilização do software CompPlexus.

O software CompPlexus vem sendo utilizado com o propósito de avaliar a complexidade de padrões espectrais e texturais de imagens multiespectrais por meio das métricas: Variabilidade He/Hmax e SDL (Shiner, Davison e Landsberg), embasadas em entropia informacional. Sabe-se que, para a manipulação e interpretação correta dos dados, é necessário o uso dessas imagens convertidas para grandezas físicas como radiância e reflectância. O trabalho em questão objetiva testar a utilização dessas imagens com variações sazonais e, por meio da análise de variância dos dados obtidos, definir qual seria a grandeza mais adequada a ser utilizada no software. Os resultados mostram que, em decorrência das diferenças não muito significativas das variâncias entre as amostras, ambas as grandezas podem ser utilizadas. Porém, para estudos multitemporais com alta variação de condições climáticas, é recomendável o uso de dados em reflectância de superfície (correções atmosféricas aplicadas) como forma de minimizar a eventual soma de valores espúrios ao cálculo das métricas