Southeast Portland Bus Rapid Transit Corridor Analysis

As metropolitan Portland continues to develop over the next 20 years, transit options will need to be expanded to meet the growing demands on the region\u27s transportation system. Some outlying portions of Southeast Portland, specifically, the emerging communities of Pleasant Valley and Damascus, have been designated by Metro as areas that should be planned to accommodate future increases in population. Both Metro and Tri-Met have expressed a desire for Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) service to this area from downtown Portland, within a corridor roughly following SE Powell Boulevard and Foster Road. The Southeast Portland BRT Analysis is intended to assist Tri-Met with implementing a BRT system in this area. The outcome also suggests that BRT has the capacity to shape future land-uses, and could generate high transit ridership. It is recommended that Tri-Met thoroughly evaluate the potential of BRT for this alignment

Schrumpfende Peripherie oder globalisierte Region?: Regionalentwicklung im Norden Finnlands

Finnland zählt zu den wirtschaftlich erfolgreichsten Nationen in der EU - besonders aufgrund der Erfolge der finnischen High-Tech-Industrie. Gleichzeitig besteht das Land zu einem großen Teil aus ländlich geprägten peripheren Gebieten. Die finnische Wirtschaftsförderung versucht auch diese Gebiete durch eine Cluster- und Netzwerkstrategie zu entwickeln und einer Abwanderung der Bevölkerung entgegen zu wirken. Der Beitrag identifiziert die angewendeten Konzepte und geht der Frage nach, welche Möglichkeiten sich im nordeuropäischen Kontext für die Bildung einer globalisierten -international wettbewerbsfähigen- Region anbieten. Dazu werden die Entwicklungssituation in Nord-Finnland und die regionalen Disparitäten dieses Raumes im nationalen und nordeuropäischen Kontext dargelegt. Die in Finnland konzipierten und angewendeten Strategien der Regionalentwicklung -insbesondere das Multipolis-Programm- werden analysiert. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass die laufenden Initiativen zur Innovationsförderung und wirtschaftlichen Konkurrenzfähigkeit nur punktuell erfolgreich sind und dass zu einer nachhaltigen Regionalentwicklung stabilisierende Begleitmaßnahmen notwendig sind. (Autrorenreferat)Finland is among the most economically successful countries in the European Union, primarily due to the success of Finland's high-tech industry. However, a major portion of Finland is peripheral rural territories. Finnish economic promotion activities try to apply a cluster and network strategy to develop these territories to prevent people from emigrating. This article identifies the strategies used while asking what options there are for forming a globalised and internationally competitive region in the Northern European context. For this purpose it describes how far developed northern Finland is and what the regional disparities are in this area in the national and Northern European context. This article also analyses the strategies of regional development formulated and applied by Finland (focusing on the Multipolis Programme). The bottom line is the fact that current initiatives for encouraging innovation and economic competitiveness have only been effective in specific areas so that other stabilisation activities have to be undertaken concurrently to guarantee sustainable regional development. (author's abstract

Bark Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) Community Structure in Northeastern and Central Minnesota

Large-scale surveys of forest insects provide two distinct benefits: the detection of invasive and exotic species that cause millions of dollars of damage annually to forest and ornamental industries, and the addition of a wealth of species distribution and diversity information to the scientific community. We intensively surveyed the Northeast and East-central regions of Minnesota from 2006-2008 for invasive/exotic and native Scolytinae using Lindgren funnel traps baited with one of four lures (a/β-pinene, ultra-high-release ethanol [EtOH], EtOH+a-pinene, and Ips 3-part). We captured 16,841 scolytines (representing 25 genera) of which over 40% were Ips pini (Say) and Ips grandicollis (Eichhoff). We found two exotic Scolytinae, Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham) and Scolytus schevyrewi Semenov, both of which had previously been recorded in Minnesota. Two native species, Conophthorus coniperda (Schwarz) and Crypturgus pusillus (Gyllenhal), were reported for the first time in Minnesota. Non-metric multi- dimensional scaling and analysis of similarities indicate that lure types capture different Scolytinae communities, while year, weather pattern and region factors were not significant. We also report the seasonal phenology of the seven most abundantly captured species; Dendroctonus valens LeConte, Hylastes porculus Erichson, Hylurgops rugipennis pinifex (Fitch),I. grandicollis, I. pini, Orthotomicus caelatus (Eichhoff) and Pityophthorus spp. Eichhoff

Bark Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) Community Structure in Northeastern and Central Minnesota

Large-scale surveys of forest insects provide two distinct benefits: the detection of invasive and exotic species that cause millions of dollars of damage annually to forest and ornamental industries, and the addition of a wealth of species distribution and diversity information to the scientific community. We intensively surveyed the Northeast and East-central regions of Minnesota from 2006-2008 for invasive/exotic and native Scolytinae using Lindgren funnel traps baited with one of four lures (a/β-pinene, ultra-high-release ethanol [EtOH], EtOH+a-pinene, and Ips 3-part). We captured 16,841 scolytines (representing 25 genera) of which over 40% were Ips pini (Say) and Ips grandicollis (Eichhoff). We found two exotic Scolytinae, Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham) and Scolytus schevyrewi Semenov, both of which had previously been recorded in Minnesota. Two native species, Conophthorus coniperda (Schwarz) and Crypturgus pusillus (Gyllenhal), were reported for the first time in Minnesota. Non-metric multi- dimensional scaling and analysis of similarities indicate that lure types capture different Scolytinae communities, while year, weather pattern and region factors were not significant. We also report the seasonal phenology of the seven most abundantly captured species; Dendroctonus valens LeConte, Hylastes porculus Erichson, Hylurgops rugipennis pinifex (Fitch),I. grandicollis, I. pini, Orthotomicus caelatus (Eichhoff) and Pityophthorus spp. Eichhoff

Calibration of pneumatic multi-hole probes for transonic turbomachinery flows

The calibration data of a five-hole probe and a six-hole probe designed for measurements in transonic turbomachinery flows are presented. The probes feature a special base pressure hole on the back side to avoid the Mach number insensitivity of pressure probes near Mach number unity. There is only little literature available on the performance of such probes, especially in flows with large radial flow angles. To close this gap, the probes are calibrated for radial flow angles up to 32 degrees. A significant influence of this flow angle on the coefficients used for Mach number determination is shown. At large positive flow angles, the relationship between the pressure coefficient using the base pressure and the Mach number is not biunique for the six-hole probe. Therefore, an experimental study of Mach number measurement deviations is performed at the calibration wind tunnel. Different evaluation methods are examined. The sample standard deviation over 210 randomly distributed points is reduced by 66% compared to the same probe design without the base pressure hole. This is achieved using two calibration coefficients for the Mach number simultaneously in a multidimensional interpolation

Asymmetry of planum temporale constrains interhemispheric language plasticity in children with focal epilepsy.

Reorganization of eloquent cortex enables rescue of language functions in patients who sustain brain injury. Individuals with left-sided, early-onset focal epilepsy often show atypical (i.e. bilateral or right-sided) language dominance. Surprisingly, many patients fail to show such interhemispheric shift of language despite having major epileptogenic lesions in close proximity to eloquent cortex. Although a number of epilepsy-related factors may promote interhemispheric plasticity, it has remained unexplored if neuroanatomical asymmetries linked to human language dominance modify the likelihood of atypical lateralization. Here we examined the asymmetry of the planum temporale, one of the most striking asymmetries in the human brain, in relation to language lateralization in children with left-sided focal epilepsy. Language functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 51 children with focal epilepsy and left-sided lesions and 36 healthy control subjects. We examined the association of language laterality with a range of potential clinical predictors and the asymmetry of the length of the planum temporale. Using voxel-based methods, we sought to determine the effect of lesion location (in the affected left hemisphere) and grey matter density (in the unaffected right hemisphere) on language laterality. Atypical language lateralization was observed in 19 patients (38%) and in four controls (11%). Language laterality was increasingly right-sided in patients who showed atypical handedness, a left perisylvian ictal electroencephalographic focus, and a lesion in left anterior superior temporal or inferior frontal regions. Most striking was the relationship between rightward asymmetry of the planum temporale and atypical language (R = 0.70, P < 0.0001); patients with a longer planum temporale in the right (unaffected) hemisphere were more likely to have atypical language dominance. Voxel-based regression analysis confirmed that increased grey matter density in the right temporo-parietal junction was correlated with right hemisphere lateralization of language. The length of the planum temporale in the right hemisphere was the main predictor of language lateralization in the epilepsy group, accounting for 48% of variance, with handedness accounting for only a further 5%. There was no correlation between language lateralization and planum temporale asymmetry in the control group. We conclude that asymmetry of the planum temporale may be unrelated to language lateralization in healthy individuals, but the size of the right, contra-lesional planum temporale region may reflect a 'reserve capacity' for interhemispheric language reorganization in the presence of a seizure focus and lesions within left perisylvian regions

Angioedema after thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator: An airway emergency.

Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA), an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin resulting in fibrinolysis, is used for the treatment of acute ischemic strokes. The use of this medication is not without complication. One complication of this therapy is angioedema. This complication can be life-threatening if not recognized quickly. However, the potential for the development of angioedema after rtPA administration is not widely known. This is a case of a 60-year-old man who suffered an acute ischemic stroke and was given rtPA. The patient subsequently developed rapidly progressing angioedema leading to airway compromise. The patient was intubated with some difficulty and the angioedema improved and the patient was able to be extubated the next day. Angioedema secondary to administration of rtPA is thought to be bradykinin mediated, but the exact mechanism is unknown. Treatment with FFP, Icatibant, Ecallantide or a C1-esterase inhibitor can be considered.ECU Open Access Publishing Support Fun

Forschungsverbund LeanTurb Förderkennzeichen 20T1108B Auslegung einer an Magerverbrennung angepassten 2-stufigen Turbine Schlussbericht

Bisherige Optimierungen des Wirkungsgrades von Turbinen verwendeten einfache radiale Profile der Eintrittsbedingungen. Der Einfluss von auch in Umfangsrichtung variierenden Strömungsfeldern auf den Wirkungsgrad wurde bislang nicht betrachtet, sondern nur der Einfluss auf einzelne Strömungsphänomene. Daher war es Ziel dieser Untersuchung zu bestimmen, inwieweit eine 2D-Turbineneintrittsverteilung (Variation der Strömungsgrößen über Radius und Umfang) den Wirkungsgrad verändert, wie der Unterschied im Wirkungsgrad im Vergleich zur 1D-Verteilung ist, wie die Wirkungsgradänderungen bei Geometrievariation mit den verschiedenen Verteilung (1D und 2D) sind und wie sich Heißgassträhnen in der Turbine ausbreiten. Die Arbeiten wurden mit Austrittsverteilungen einer Magerbrennkammer durchgeführt, wodurch zusätzlich noch ein Vergleich mit der Verteilung aus dem Vorhaben InterTurb (FKZ 20T0905B), welches einer konventionellen Brennkammer entspricht, ermöglicht wurde. Die Untersuchungen wurden mit dem speziell für Turbomaschinen entwickelten Strömungslöser TRACE des DLR durchgeführt. Es wurden zwei Optimierungen zur Erhöhung des Wirkungsgrades durchgeführt. Eine mit 1D-Verteilung sowie stationärer RANS-Simulation und die zweite mit 2D-Verteilung sowie instationärer RANS-Simulation. Ein Vorteil von 2D-Verteilungen oder der instationären Simulationsmethode für eine aerodynamische Optimierung hinsichtlich des Wirkungsgrades ist nicht erkennbar. Für die gezielte Untersuchung von Heißgassträhnen, Oberflächentemperaturen und der damit einhergehenden Kühlluftverteilung sind zweidimensionale Verteilungen, instationäre Simulationen und die Betrachtung der Positionierung von Brennkammer zur Hochdruckturbine unbedingt erforderlich. Auf Grundlage dieser Ergebnisse lassen sich Ressourcen bei der aerodynamischen Optimierung einsparen. Des Weiteren wurde der Bedarf für eine interdisziplinäre Optimierung (Simulation der Strömung und Simulation der Festkörperphysik) herausgearbeitet, um den Wirkungsgrad des Triebwerks weiter zu verbessern