Operating Characteristics Of Gear-Type Couplings

LecturePg. 167-173.This paper describes in condensed form the results of a research project initiated by the Forschungskuratorium Maschinenbau e. V. and carried out at the Institut fur Maschinenelemente und Konstruktionslehre of Darmstadt Technical University under the direction of Prof. Dr.-Ing. G. Pahl with the financial support of the Federal German Ministry of Economics via the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Industrieller Forschungsvereinigungen (AIF No. 2501). The research team for "gear-type couplings" headed by Ing. (grad) R. Wickl had overall responsibility for the project. The day-to-day work of the project was under the direction of Dipl.-Ing. R. Heinz and Dipl.-Ing. R. Fleiss. The contents and the calculation instructions are based on their theses

Möglichkeiten der on-farm Erhaltung und Nischenvermarktung vom Aussterben bedrohter Nutztierrassen am Beispiel ‚Diepholzer Gans’ und ‚Bronzepute alten Schlags’

Suitable conservation strategies for endangered domesticated breeds hinge on the knowledge of their special traits and benefits. We compared the performance of en-dangered geese and turkey breeds with common hybrid breeds, and focussed on meat quality as a potential marketing factor for a cost efficient on-farm conservation strategy. The animals were reared under identical feeding and housing conditions. In comparison with the endangered breeds, the hybrid breeds of both species were heavier and showed a lower feed conversion ratio. The meat of the endangered goose breed showed a higher drip loss, while the meat of the endangered turkey breed had less cooking loss, a higher shear force, and was preferred in a sensory test. Differ-ences in body weight gain and meat quality between the two goose breeds were small. The endangered turkey breed had half the weight of the hybrids, but showed advantages in meat quality. The comparable body weight gain of both geese breeds is a promising aspect for future conservation strategies via marketing whereas the con-servation of the endangered turkey breed requires more cost intensive strategies

Synthesis and study of new nitrogen-containing ligands

Thirty new nitrogen-containing ligands have been synthesised and the coordination chemistry of the majority of these has been investigated. The coordination chemistry of previously reported ligands related to these has also been investigated. The ligands contain a central benzene ring to which nitrogen-containing heterocycles have been appended via one or two linking atoms. In this manner, between two and six such groups have been attached to a benzene ring to give ligands which display a great variety of modes of coordination to transition metals. These complexes have been characterised by combinations of N.M.R. spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis and X-ray crystallography - the X-ray crystal structures of thirty one complexes have been determined. Among these thirty one structures are chelated and macrocyclic complexes containing monochiral ligands, a supramolecular ten-component cage containing a guest molecule, a new N₃(arene) mode of coordination, as well as a number of complexes in which arene-arene and metal-arene interactions are observed. Cyclometallated complexes of some of these ligands have also been prepared, the dynamic N.M.R. processes of which have been investigated by variable temperature ¹H N.M.R. methods

Festschrift anläßlich der Emeritierung von Prof. Dr.-Ing. Walter Raab

Festschrift zum Festkolloquium am 8. April 1994 anläßlich der Emeritierung von Herrn Prof. Dr.-Ing. Walter Raab, Leiter des Fachgebiets Maschinenlemente und Mechanik an der Technischen Hochschule Darmstadt

Comparing novelty of designs from biological-inspiration with those from brainstorming

This research aims to understand the significance of biological-analogies in fostering novelty by comparing biological-analogies with other design methods for idea generation. Among other design methods, brainstorming was chosen here as benchmark. Four studies were conducted to compare: (i) the levels of abstraction at which concepts were ideated using biological inspiration (represented using biocards) with that using traditional brainstorming; and (ii) the novelty of concepts produced by using these two design methods. Concepts produced in these studies were evaluated for levels of abstraction at which they were ideated, average novelty, and proportion of high-novelty concepts. Results suggest that concepts generated using biocards were ideated at higher abstraction levels than those using brainstorming, but neither were at the highest abstraction levels. The average novelty of concepts produced using biocards was found to be greater than that using brainstorming; however, no statistically significant difference was found in the proportion of high-novelty concepts. We suspect the lack of biological knowledge and cultural difference among the subjects involved in our studies as the two reasons behind the results. The results demonstrate that the design methods substantially influence the novelty of concepts generated, while indicating the need for better training in effective use of biological-analogies

TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access

Plant traits - the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants - determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait‐based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits - almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives