Lesioni podali in un allevamento di Frisone Italiane nel senese.Monitoraggio e riflessi sulla produttività.

Lo scopo di questo lavoro è stato di identificare l’incidenza delle lesioni podali all’interno di un allevamento di bovine di razza Frisona Italiana ubicato nel senese e di evidenziarne le conseguenze sulla produttività attraverso un approccio prettamente zootecnico. E’ stato rilevato che l’incidenza delle zoppie ammonta 19,6% con principale interessamento gli arti posteriori. Le bovine affette hanno un’età media di 4,7 anni e appartengono ad ordini di lattazione maggiormente produttivi (1°,2°,3°) probabilmente perché, essendo maggiormente redditizie per l’allevatore, sono sottoposte ad una spinta produttiva tale da indurre nei soggetti uno stato di stress con conseguente depressione dello stato immunitario. La maggior parte delle zoppie, inoltre, è stata riscontrata nei soggetti presenti in zone con cuccette e con pavimentazione piena senza solchi costruita in calcestruzzo. Ciò può essere riconducibile alla forte abrasività del calcestruzzo e al fatto che la tipologia di pavimentazione sopramenzionata è sia causa di ristagno di liquami , e quindi scivolosità delle corsie con possibili traumatismi degli animali, sia causa di aumentata umidità della zona di calpestamento determinando un pabulum per la crescita batterica e successiva contaminazione dei piedi. Esiste una correlazione sia fra a i soggetti affetti contemporaneamente da lesioni podali e mastiti sia fra le zoppie e la stagione in cui insorgono. La maggior incidenza delle lesioni podali si è verificata in primavera e in inverno in conseguenza a cambiamenti sia della temperatura e umidità ambientale sia dell’alimentazione delle bovine. Inoltre il 66% dei casi clinici dopo il trattamento non hanno recidivato e hanno avuto un’incremento della produttività (10-13%) influenzando positivamente l’andamento della stalla

Nano-oncology: clinical application for cancer therapy and future perspectives

Nano-oncology, the application of Nanomedicine to cancer diagnosis and treatment, has the potential to transform clinical oncology by enhancing the efficacy of cancer chemotherapy for a wide spectrum of invasive cancers. It achieves this by enabling novel drug delivery systems which target the tumour site with several functional molecules, including tumour-specific ligands, antibodies, cytotoxic agents, and imaging probes simultaneously thereby improving tumour response rates in addition to significant reduction of the systemic toxicity associated with current chemotherapy regimens. For this reason, nano-oncology is attracting considerable scientific interest and a growing investment by the global pharmaceutical industry. Several therapeutic nano-carriers have been approved for clinical use and others are undergoing phase II and III clinical trials. This paper describes the current approved formulations, such as liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles, and discusses the overall present status of nano-oncology as an emerging branch of nanomedicine and its future perspectives in cancer and therapy

Evaluation of DNA methylation of inflammatory genes following treatment of chronic periodontitis: A pilot case–control study

ObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of periodontal therapy on DNA methylation in patients with chronic periodontitis as compared to healthy individuals.Material and MethodsTwenty patients were enrolled into two groups: (i) 10 diagnosed as clinically healthy; and (ii) 10 diagnosed with chronic periodontitis. Clinical measures were recorded and gingival biopsies were harvested at baseline (both patient groups) and at 2 and 8 weeks post‐baseline for diseased individuals. Molecular DNA methylation analysis was performed by pyrosequencing for the putative inflammation‐associated genes LINE‐1, COX‐2, IFN‐γ and TNF‐α. Random‐intercept linear regression models were applied to evaluate methylation levels across groups at baseline and the methylation changes over time in the diseased and normal tissues.ResultsPeriodontal therapy did not influence gene expression methylation of TNF‐α, IFN‐γ and LINE‐1 levels at normal and periodontitis sites over time. However, it significantly reduced COX‐2 methylation levels comparable to healthy individuals at both 2 and 8 weeks post‐treatment (p < .05).ConclusionsPeriodontal therapy resets the DNA methylation status of inflammatory gene for COX‐2 in patients with periodontal disease. DNA methylation levels of TNF‐α, IFN‐γ and LINE‐1 were sustained in periodontitis sites despite therapy. Future studies should consider an expanded panel of inflammatory genes over time. (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02835898).Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138219/1/jcpe12783.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138219/2/jcpe12783_am.pd

Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping with Indirect Lymphangiography for Canine Mast Cell Tumour

Mast cell tumour (MCT) is a common cutaneous and subcutaneous neoplasia in dogs. It can metastasise to lymph nodes (LNs), and this adversely affects the prognosis and treatment. The study aims to evaluate the SLN mapping of MCTs with radiographic indirect lymphography. Dogs that underwent clinical staging were prospectively enrolled. Lipiodol was injected around the MCT or the surgical scar. After 24 h, LNs that picked up contrast were radiographically assessed. Twenty-six dogs with 29 MCTs were included. MCTs were confirmed histologically, while SLNs were evaluated either by cytology and/or histology. SLNs were detectable in 23 dogs with 26 MCTs. Lymphatic vessels were visible in 19 MCTs. In nine MCTs, at least two SLNs picked up contrast. In particular, seven MCTs involved two SLNs, and two MCTs involved three different SLNs. In nine MCTs, at least a SLN was metastatic. This study indicates that the lymph drainage pattern of the MCTs may be different for each MCT, and more than one SLN can be involved. Indirect lymphangiography with Lipiodol allowed the detection of the SLN in 90% of MCTs. This provided clinically relevant information to remove the LN and stage the patient