First Integral Method to Study Nonlinear Evolution Equations

In this paper, we apply the first integral method to generalized ZK-BBM equation and Drinefel’d-Sokolov- Wilson system and one-dimensional modified EW-Burgers equation. The first integral method is a powerful solution method for obtaining exact solutions of some nonlinear evolution equations. This method was first proposed by Feng [8] in solving Burgers– KdV equation which is based on the ring theory of commutative algebra. This method can be applied to nonintegrable equations as well as to integrable ones.Key words First integral method; Generalized ZK-BBM equation ; Drinefel’d-Sokolov-Wilson system; One-dimensional modified EW-Burgers equatio

The First Integral Method to Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations

In this paper, we show the applicability of the first integral method for obtaining exact solutions of some nonlinear partial differential equations. By using this method, we found some exact solutions of the Landau-Ginburg-Higgs equation and generalized form of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation and approximate long water wave equations. The first integral method is a direct algebraic method for obtaining exact solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations. This method can be applied to nonintegrable equations as well as to integrable ones. This method is based on the theory of commutative algebra

Noninvasive Imaging of Activated Complement in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Post–Cardiac Transplant

Ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) is inevitable in solid organ transplantation, due to the transplanted organ being ischemic for prolonged periods prior to transplantation followed by reperfusion. The complement molecule C3 is present in the circulation and is also synthesized by tissue parenchyma in early response to IRI and the final stable fragment of activated C3, C3d, can be detected on injured tissue for several days post‐IRI. Complement activation post‐IRI was monitored noninvasively by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and CT using (99m)Tc‐recombinant complement receptor 2 ((99m)Tc‐rCR2) in murine models of cardiac transplantation following the induction of IRI and compared to (99m)Tc‐rCR2 in C3(−/−) mice or with the irrelevant protein (99m)Tc‐prostate–specific membrane antigen antibody fragment (PSMA). Significant uptake with (99m)Tc‐rCR2 was observed as compared to C3(−/−) or (99m)Tc‐PSMA. In addition, the transplanted heart to muscle ratio of (99m)Tc‐rCR2 was significantly higher than (99m)Tc‐PSMA or C3(−/−). The results were confirmed by histology and autoradiography. (99m)Tc‐rCR2 can be used for noninvasive detection of activated complement and in future may be used to quantify the severity of transplant damage due to complement activation postreperfusion

Anesthesia and analgesia for common research models of adult mice

Anesthesia and analgesia are major components of many interventional studies on laboratory animals. However, various studies have shown improper reporting or use of anesthetics/analgesics in research proposals and published articles. In many cases, it seems "anesthesia " and "analgesia " are used interchangeably, while they are referring to two different concepts. Not only this is an unethical practice, but also it may be one of the reasons for the proven suboptimal quality of many animal researches. This is a widespread problem among investigations on various species of animals. However, it could be imagined that it may be more prevalent for the most common species of laboratory animals, such as the laboratory mice. In this review, proper anesthetic/analgesic methods for routine procedures on laboratory mice are discussed. We considered the available literature and critically reviewed their anesthetic/analgesic methods. Detailed dosing and pharmacological information for the relevant drugs are provided and some of the drugs' side effects are discussed. This paper provides the necessary data for an informed choice of anesthetic/analgesic methods in some routine procedures on laboratory mice