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Characterization of pore evolution in ceramics during creep failure and densification. Final report, April 15, 1984--April 14, 1995
This research program was divided into two phases, one involving creep cavitation, the other cavity evolution during sintering. In the former, work was aimed at determining the effect of microstructure and stress state upon creep cavitation, while in the latter, the principal objective was the characterization of pore evolution during sintering. In order to meet these objectives, the creep cavitation portion of the program was centered around small-angle neutron scattering, supplemented by electron microscopy and precision density measurements. The neutron scattering measurements yielded cavity nucleation and growth rates, and average pore, size, distribution, and morphology. These data were used to evaluate current cavitation models, and to implement improved modelling efforts. Additionally, stereoimaging analysis was used to determine grain boundary sliding displacements, which appear to be the critical driving force responsible for cavity nucleation and early growth. Effort in the pore sintering phase focussed on characterization of pore evolution during intermediate and final stage sintering of alumina using both single and multiple scattering techniques. Electron microscopy, density measurements, and mercury intrusion porosimetry measurements complemented the scattering results. The effects of sintering trajectory, green state, powder morphology, and additives were evaluated. These results were compared to current sintering models
The Delocalized Effective Degrees of Freedom of a Black Hole at Low Frequencies
Identifying the fundamental degrees of freedom of a black hole poses a
long-standing puzzle. In hep-th/0511133 Goldberger and Rothstein forwarded a
theory of the low frequency degrees of freedom within the effective field
theory approach, where they are relevancy-ordered but of unclear physical
origin. Here these degrees of freedom are identified with near-horizon but
non-compact gravitational perturbations which are decomposed into delocalized
multipoles. Their world-line (kinetic) action is determined within the
classical effective field theory (CLEFT) approach and their interactions are
discussed. The case of the long-wavelength scattering of a scalar wave off a
Schwarzschild black hole is treated in some detail, interpreting within the
CLEFT approach the equality of the leading absorption cross section with the
horizon area.Comment: 8 pages. Awarded fifth prize in the 2008 Gravity Research Foundation
essay contest. v2: minor change
Constructing Hybrid Baryons with Flux Tubes
Hybrid baryon states are described in quark potential models as having
explicit excitation of the gluon degrees of freedom. Such states are described
in a model motivated by the strong coupling limit of Hamiltonian lattice gauge
theory, where three flux tubes meeting at a junction play the role of the glue.
The adiabatic approximation for the quark motion is used, and the flux tubes
and junction are modeled by beads which are attracted to each other and the
quarks by a linear potential, and vibrate in various string modes. Quantum
numbers and estimates of the energies of the lightest hybrid baryons are
provided.Comment: 4 pages, RevTeX. Submitted to Physical Review Letter
The DNA repair kinase ATM regulates CD13 expression and cell migration
Classically, ATM is known for its role in sensing double-strand DNA breaks, and subsequently signaling for their repair. Non-canonical roles of ATM include transcriptional silencing, ferroptosis, autophagy and angiogenesis. Angiogenesis mediated by ATM signaling has been shown to be VEGF-independent via p38 signaling. Independently, p38 signaling has been shown to upregulate metalloproteinase expression, including MMP-2 and MMP-9, though it is unclear if this is linked to ATM. Here, we demonstrate ATM regulates aminopeptidase-N (CD13/APN/ANPEP) at the protein level. Positive correlation was seen between ATM activity and CD13 protein expression using both “wildtype” (WT) and knockout (KO) ataxia telangiectasia (AT) cells through western blotting; with the same effect shown when treating neuroblastoma cancer cell line SH-SY5Y, as well as AT-WT cells, with ATM inhibitor (ATMi; KU55933). However, qPCR along with publically available RNAseq data from Hu et al. (J. Clin. Invest., 2021, 131, e139333), demonstrated no change in mRNA levels of CD13, suggesting that ATM regulates CD13 levels via controlling protein degradation. This is further supported by the observation that incubation with proteasome inhibitors led to restoration of CD13 protein levels in cells treated with ATMi. Migration assays showed ATM and CD13 inhibition impairs migration, with no additional effect observed when combined. This suggests an epistatic effect, and that both proteins may be acting in the same signaling pathway that influences cell migration. This work indicates a novel functional interaction between ATM and CD13, suggesting ATM may negatively regulate the degradation of CD13, and subsequently cell migration
Particle motion in the field of a five-dimensional charged black hole
In this paper, we have investigated the geodesics of neutral particles near a
five-dimensional charged black hole using a comparative approach. The effective
potential method is used to determine the location of the horizons and to study
radial and circular trajectories. This also helps us to analyze the stability
of radial and circular orbits. The radius of the innermost stable circular
orbits have also been determined. Contrary to the case of massive particles for
which, the circular orbits may have up to eight possible values of specific
radius, we find that the photons will only have two distinct values for the
specific radii of circular trajectories. Finally we have used the dynamical
systems analysis to determine the critical points and the nature of the
trajectories for the timelike and null geodesics.Comment: 15 pages, accepted for publication in Astrophysics and Space Scienc
Primordial black holes in braneworld cosmologies: astrophysical constraints
In two recent papers we explored the modifications to primordial black hole
physics when one moves to the simplest braneworld model, Randall--Sundrum type
II. Both the evaporation law and the cosmological evolution of the population
can be modified, and additionally accretion of energy from the background can
be dominant over evaporation at high energies. In this paper we present a
detailed study of how this impacts upon various astrophysical constraints,
analyzing constraints from the present density, from the present high-energy
photon background radiation, from distortion of the microwave background
spectrum, and from processes affecting light element abundances both during and
after nucleosynthesis. Typically, the constraints on the formation rate of
primordial black holes weaken as compared to the standard cosmology if black
hole accretion is unimportant at high energies, but can be strengthened in the
case of efficient accretion.Comment: 17 pages RevTeX4 file with three figures incorporated; final paper in
series astro-ph/0205149 and astro-ph/0208299. Minor changes to match version
accepted by Physical Review
STAT3 differential scanning fluorimetry and differential scanning light scattering assays: Addressing a missing link in the characterization of STAT3 inhibitor interactions
STAT3 protein is an established target for the development of new cancer therapeutic agents. Despite lacking a traditional binding site for small molecule inhibitors, many STAT3 inhibitors have been identified and explored for their anti-cancer activity. Because STAT3 signaling is mediated by protein-protein interactions, indirect methods are often employed to determine if proposed STAT3 inhibitors bind to STAT3 protein. While established STAT3 inhibition assays (such as the fluorescence polarization assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay and ELISAs) have been used to identify novel inhibitors of STAT3 signaling, methods that directly assess STAT3 protein-inhibitor interactions could facilitate the development of novel inhibitors. In this context, we herein report new STAT3 binding assays based on differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) and differential scanning light scattering (DSLS) to characterize interactions between STAT3 protein and inhibitors. Several peptide and small molecule STAT3 inhibitors have been evaluated, and new insight into how these compounds may interact with STAT3 is provided
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