Low insertion loss of surface mount device low pass filter at 700 MHz

The paper involved with the design, simulation and fabrication of 6th order elliptical-based Surface Mount Device (SMD) LPF with cutoff frequency at 700 MHz. Fabricated LPF is consisted of four PCB layers which components of SMD are soldered on the top layer. Another three layers is for grounding and shielding, power supply and grounding void. The four layers is crucial to avoid interference between components. The research has find out that the momentum simulation is definitely required to improve the signals response compared to a normal simulation by ADS software. The comparison between momentum simulated versus measured and normal simulated versus measured is 0.2 dB and 29 dB correspondingly. Such huge difference leads to conclusion that momentum simulation is saving time without having much struggles and efforts to get optimum readings. The Proposed SMD LPF has a very low insertion loss of 0.965dB with a transition region of 195 MHz which is good steepness to avoid any image frequency

Dual band radiation pattern reconfigurable antenna for two-port 5G mobile terminals

Abstract In this paper, a dual band radiation pattern reconfigurable antenna for 5G mobile terminals is presented. Two identical PIFA elements are connected to a PIN diode and feeding port to enable reconfiguration. Copper strips are used as RF switches in this antenna design to represent the actual PIN diodes. The switching of the two PIFA elements in sequence enabled the radiation pattern reconfiguration in two frequency bands, with 6dB impedance bandwidth ranging from 3.8 to 18 GHz. Besides that, this antenna features high isolation and low envelope correlation coefficient due to the low mutual coupling between the two ports. These advantages makes the antenna promising for application in future 5G mobile terminals

Combined RIS and EBG Surfaces Inspired Meta-Wearable Textile MIMO Antenna Using Viscose-Wool Felt

In this paper, we present a textile multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) antenna designed with a metamaterial inspired reactive impedance surface (RIS) and electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) using viscose-wool felt. Rectangular RIS was used as a reflector to improve the antenna gain and bandwidth to address well known crucial challenges—maintaining gain while reducing mutual coupling in MIMO antennas. The RIS unit cell was designed to achieve inductive impedance at the center frequency of 2.45 GHz with a reflection phase of 177.6°. The improved bandwidth of 170 MHz was achieved by using a square shaped RIS under a rectangular patch antenna, and this also helped to attain an additional gain of 1.29 dBi. When the antenna was implemented as MIMO, a split ring resonator backed by strip line type EBG was used to minimize the mutual coupling between the antenna elements. The EBG offered a sufficient band gap region from 2.37 GHz to 2.63 GHz. Prior to fabrication, bending analysis was carried out to validate the performance of the reflection coefficient (S11) and transmission coefficient (S21). The results of the analysis show that bending conditions have very little impact on antenna performance in terms of S-parameters. The effect of strip line supported SRR-based EBG was further analyzed with the fabricated prototype to clearly show the advantage of the designed EBG towards the mutual coupling reduction. The designed MIMO-RIS-EBG array-based antenna revealed an S21 reduction of −9.8 dB at 2.45 GHz frequency with overall S21 of <−40 dB. The results also indicated that the proposed SRR-EBG minimized the mutual coupling while keeping the mean effective gain (MEG) variations of <3 dB at the desired operating band. The specific absorption rate (SAR) analysis showed that the proposed design is not harmful to human body as the values are less than the regulated SAR. Overall, the findings in this study indicate the potential of the proposed MIMO antenna for microwave applications in a wearable format

Combined RIS and EBG surfaces inspired meta-wearable textile MIMO antenna using viscose-wool felt

Abstract In this paper, we present a textile multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) antenna designed with a metamaterial inspired reactive impedance surface (RIS) and electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) using viscose-wool felt. Rectangular RIS was used as a reflector to improve the antenna gain and bandwidth to address well known crucial challenges—maintaining gain while reducing mutual coupling in MIMO antennas. The RIS unit cell was designed to achieve inductive impedance at the center frequency of 2.45 GHz with a reflection phase of 177.6°. The improved bandwidth of 170 MHz was achieved by using a square shaped RIS under a rectangular patch antenna, and this also helped to attain an additional gain of 1.29 dBi. When the antenna was implemented as MIMO, a split ring resonator backed by strip line type EBG was used to minimize the mutual coupling between the antenna elements. The EBG offered a sufficient band gap region from 2.37 GHz to 2.63 GHz. Prior to fabrication, bending analysis was carried out to validate the performance of the reflection coefficient (S₁₁) and transmission coefficient (S₂₁). The results of the analysis show that bending conditions have very little impact on antenna performance in terms of S-parameters. The effect of strip line supported SRR-based EBG was further analyzed with the fabricated prototype to clearly show the advantage of the designed EBG towards the mutual coupling reduction. The designed MIMO-RIS-EBG array-based antenna revealed an S₂₁ reduction of −9.8 dB at 2.45 GHz frequency with overall S₂₁ of &lt;−40 dB. The results also indicated that the proposed SRR-EBG minimized the mutual coupling while keeping the mean effective gain (MEG) variations of &lt;3 dB at the desired operating band. The specific absorption rate (SAR) analysis showed that the proposed design is not harmful to human body as the values are less than the regulated SAR. Overall, the findings in this study indicate the potential of the proposed MIMO antenna for microwave applications in a wearable format

Compact multiband reconfigurable MIMO antenna for sub- 6GHz 5G mobile terminal

Abstract In this paper, the design of a multiband multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with compound reconfiguration capability in the 5G sub-6 GHz band is presented. Frequency and radiation pattern reconfiguration are enabled on the antenna consisting of two planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) elements using PIN diodes and DC biasing circuits. This results in reconfigurability in multiple bands, ranging from 0.8 GHz to 6 GHz for GSM, UMTS, LTE and 5G-NR bands. At the same time, reflection coefficients of less than -6 dB and high isolation of at least -10 dB between ports ensures satisfactory MIMO diversity performance. Within the operating bands, total efficiencies of between 46.2% and 74.5% is achieved, with less than 0.3 of envelope correlation coefficient. This enables a channel capacity of 9.86 to 10.5 bit/s/Hz. Simulated antenna performance parameters agreed well with measurements, and potentially enables reliable and consistent data throughput for 5G mobile terminals

Dual band circular patch flexible wearable antenna design for sub-6 GHz 5G applications

Abstract In this paper, a dual band wearable antenna for 5G applications that resonates at 3.63 GHz and 4.95 GHz covering sub-6 GHz 5G-NR bands such as n48, n77, n78, and n79 is presented. The antenna consists of slotted circular ring patch as radiating element, polyester as wearable substrate, and a partial ground plane on the bottom. The designed antenna is sized at 55×46×0.4 mm³, achieving a bandwidth of 300 MHz from 3.50 to 3.80 GHz and a bandwidth of 160 MHz from 4.86 to 5.02 GHz. Besides, the antenna shows realized gain of 4.2 dBi at 3.63 GHz and 5.78 dBi at 4.95 GHz, whereas efficiency is found 90.5 % and 82.3 % respectively

Compact wideband wearable antipodal Vivaldi antenna for 5G applications

Abstract In this paper, a compact wearable antipodal Vivaldi antenna resonating at 3.5 GHz is proposed for 5G n77 and n78 bands. It is designed on a flexible polyester substrate with a dielectric constant (ɛ r ) of 2 and loss tangent (tan δ) of 0.005. The antenna parameters were optimized via parametric analyses using CST software with a size of 33 × 33 mm² (length × width). The antenna is evaluated in terms of reflection coefficient (S 11 ), gain, efficiency, radiation pattern and surface current density and its reflection coefficient is verified with measurement. This antenna attained a maximum simulated gain of 4.17 dBi and an efficiency of 98.18 % in the resonating band