Development of an R package to learn supervised classification techniques

This TFG aims to develop a custom R package for teaching supervised classification algorithms, starting with the identification of requirements, including algorithms, data structures, and libraries. A strong theoretical foundation is essential for effective package design. Documentation will explain each function’s purpose, accompanied by necessary paperwork. The package will include R scripts and data files in organized directories, complemented by a user manual for easy installation and usage, even for beginners. Built entirely from scratch without external dependencies, it’s optimized for accuracy and performance. In conclusion, this TFG provides a roadmap for creating an R package to teach supervised classification algorithms, benefiting researchers and practitioners dealing with real-world challenges.Grado en Ingeniería Informátic

Generation of Two-Voice Imitative Counterpoint from Statistical Models

Generating new music based on rules of counterpoint has been deeply studied in music informatics. In this article, we try to go further, exploring a method for generating new music based on the style of Palestrina, based on combining statistical generation and pattern discovery. A template piece is used for pattern discovery, and the patterns are selected and organized according to a probabilistic distribution, using horizontal viewpoints to describe melodic properties of events. Once the template is covered with patterns, two-voice counterpoint in a florid style is generated into those patterns using a first-order Markov model. The template method solves the problem of coherence and imitation never addressed before in previous research in counterpoint music generation. For constructing the Markov model, vertical slices of pitch and rhythm are compiled over a large corpus of dyads from Palestrina masses. The template enforces different restrictions that filter the possible paths through the generation process. A double backtracking algorithm is implemented to handle cases where no solutions are found at some point within a generation path. Results are evaluated by both information content and listener evaluation, and the paper concludes with a proposed relationship between musical quality and information content. Part of this research has been presented at SMC 2016 in Hamburg, Germany

Understanding pit sites: storage, surplus and social complexity in Prehistoric Western Europe.

This is a pre-print of an article published in Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory. The final authenticated, peer-reviewed version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10816-019-09429-7The importance of pits for archaeological inference can hardly be overstated, given their virtual omnipresence in the archaeological record. In Prehistoric Europe pits occasionally form large concentrations known as ‘pit sites’, where they are the most visible, sometimes the sole, remnants of past human activity. If we follow the generally accepted view of pits as grain storage containers, how can we interpret the social role played by places comprising hundreds or even thousands of pits? This paper is an attempt to shed light on this topic by summarising and critically analysing much of the current knowledge on storage of grain in non-industrial societies. We will start by gathering relevant and up-to-date experimental, ethnographic and historical data about the challenges that the storage of grain poses and how pits may have helped Prehistoric communities to overcome them. This will be followed by a discussion of their advantages and disadvantages relative to other methods: why would anybody use airtight pits instead of, for instance, weather-proofed raised granaries? Next, we will undertake an examination of the social and economic contexts in which storage pits are an effective solution as opposed to those in which their performance is far from optimal. The conclusions drawn will serve as a background against which to evaluate current interpretations concerning three selected case studies in Prehistoric Western Europe.The research leading to these results has received funding from the PEOPLE Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under REA grant agreement nº 2012-326129

Non-newtonian wind-driven flows in homogeneous semienclosed basins

Wind-driven flow in power-law viscous fluids in homogeneous semienclosed basins is analyzed. Analytical solutions for vertical current profiles for non-newtonian fluids with different power-law indexes are derived assuming a wind shear stress at the surface and zero net transport. Previous classical solutions for wind-driven flows in semienclosed basins are thus generalized. A bidirectional flow in the fluid column is obtained: downwind near the surface and a weaker compensating upwind flow near the bottom. Shear-thickening fluids exhibit larger maximum currents at the surface, although reducing the difference between the maximum current at the surface and the maximum current near the bottom, than newtonian and shear-thinning fluids. The larger the flow behavior index n of the power-law, the more acute the effects. For the same physical conditions (depth, wind shear stress, and flow consistency index), the opposite occurs for shear-thinning fluids. The lower the n value the lower the current at the surface and the larger the differences between the upper and lower layer.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur

Rhetorical Pattern Finding

In this paper, we research rhetorical patterns from a musicological and computational standpoint. First, a theoretical examination of what constitutes a rhetorical pattern is conducted. Out of that examination, which includes primary sources and the study of the main composers, a formal definition of rhetorical patterns is proposed. Among the rhetorical figures, a set of imitative rhetorical figures is selected for our study, namely, epizeuxis, palilogy, synonymia, and polyptoton. Next, we design a computational model of the selected rhetorical patterns to automatically find those patterns in a corpus consisting of masses by Renaissance composer Tomás Luis de Victoria. In order to have a ground truth with which to test out our model, a group of experts manually annotated the rhetorical patterns. To deal with the problem of reaching a consensus on the annotations, a four-round Delphi method was followed by the annotators. The rhetorical patterns found by the annotators and by the algorithm are compared and their differences discussed. The algorithm reports almost all the patterns annotated by the experts and some additional patterns. The algorithm reports almost all the patterns annotated by the experts (recall: 98.11%) and some additional patterns (precision: 71.73%). These patterns correspond to rhetorical patterns within other rhetorical patterns, which were overlooked by the annotators on the basis of their contextual knowledge. These results pose issues as to how to integrate that contextual knowledge into the computational model

IMPLICANCIAS DE LA AUTORIZACIÓN DE VIAJE AL EXTERIOR DE NIÑOS O ADOLESCENTES Y LA PATRIA POTESTAD DE SUS PROGENITORES EN LA LEGISLACIÓN PERUANA

La presente investigación, tiene como objetivo determinar de qué manera la autorización de viaje al exterior de niños o adolescentes se relaciona con la patria potestad de sus progenitores en la legislación peruana. El ámbito del estudio de la base teórica tiene como objetivo conocer las 2 principales instituciones del derecho de familia: la patria potestad y la tenencia; a partir de ello determinar si las autorizaciones de viajes obtenidos por vía notarial, consular o judicial lesionan sus derechos a los progenitores al libre tránsito de sus hijos. El método de investigación utilizada es de tipo aplicada, se caracteriza por buscar la aplicación de los conocimientos adquiridos para solucionar eficientemente el problema identificado, de enfoque mixto (cualitativo-cuantitativo), de alcance o nivel descriptivo - explicativo, de diseño descriptivo correlacional. Se trabajó con una muestra de 63 habitantes (padres de familia, abogados litigantes, operadores de justicia y entrevistados), se analizó 5 expedientes de oposición de viaje tramitados en el 4to. y 7mo. Juzgado Especializado de Familia de las CSJL. Las técnicas para la recolección utilizadas fueron la encuesta y la entrevista y los instrumentos un cuestionario de 13 preguntas cerradas y la entrevista estructurada de cuatro preguntas. La validación de la hipótesis se efectuó mediante el método Chi cuadrado dando como resultado que se acepta la hipótesis general alternativa, el tratamiento estadístico se realizó mediante la aplicación del gráfico de barras, con su respectivo cuadro de distribución de frecuencias y análisis.Tesi

Tipificar penalidad tributaria por desbalance patrimonial no justificado en contrataciones con el estado y su relación con enriquecimiento ilícito 2021

La investigación tiene como objetivo demostrar que los actos de corrupción ha expandido por todo universo de todos los niveles y en las contrataciones públicas está el más alto índice para cometer este ilícito, una alternativa practica y de bajo costo debe estar tipificado como delito tributario aduanero para reducir la corrupción entre el sector público y privado y este método seria fiscalizar, evidenciar los desbalances patrimoniales cuyo origen no pueda ser justificado y esa utilidad indebida vinieron de actividades ilícitas o sobrevalorando sus precios en contratos con el estado perjudicando la economía nacional por intermedio de cualquier vínculo laboral o contractual, como venta de mercadería, artículos, obras de construcción publica, prestación de cualquier tipo de servicio, etc. con las fiscalizaciones, pruebas fehacientes que se indaguen en esta ley tributaria, la superintendencia nacional de administración tributaria recién se podrá llegar a esclarecer que personas o empresas privadas están enlazados sus influencias al Estado y aplicar que es concomitante que servidor o funcionario público estuvo cómplice, injerente u organización criminal en el delito contra la administración pública. El código penal artículo 401 del código penal de enriquecimiento ilícito, que actualmente es solo para servidores y funcionarios públicos, que muchas de estos empleados, mencionadas ya saben todas sus artimañas y vacíos legales y nunca van a dar con ellos porque tienen a terceros, testaferros ocultos, que sabemos en la actualidad sucede y no podemos probarlo. Si se regula en el ordenamiento jurídico tributario se tipifica la mencionada esta normativa de incremento patrimonial no justificado en contrataciones con el estado se podrá saber las deficiencias probatorias con la que se tropieza, restricciones, actos de corrupción o limitaciones del atentado contra la administración pública de delito de enriquecimiento ilícito.The research aims to demonstrate that acts of corruption has expanded throughout the universe at all levels and in public procurement is the highest rate to commit this crime, a practical alternative and low cost should be typified as a customs tax offense to reduce corruption between the public and private sector and this method would be to control, to evidence the unbalance of assets whose origin cannot be justified and that undue profit came from illicit activities or overvaluing their prices in contracts with the state damaging the national economy through any labor or contractual relationship, such as sale of goods, articles, public construction works, provision of any type of service, etc.. with the audits, reliable evidence that are investigated in this tax law, the national superintendence of tax administration will be able to clarify which persons or private companies are linked their influence to the state and apply that it is concomitant that public servant or official was an accomplice, grafter or criminal organization in the crime against the public administration. The penal code article 401 of the penal code of illicit enrichment, which is currently only for public servants and civil servants, that many of these employees, mentioned already know all their tricks and loopholes and will never find them because they have third parties, hidden front men, which we know currently happens and we can not prove it. If the aforementioned regulation of unjustified increase in assets in contracts with the state is regulated in the tax law, it will be possible to know the evidentiary deficiencies, restrictions, acts of corruption or limitations of the attempt against the public administration of the crime of illicit enrichment

Examen especial a la cuenta cartera de crédito de la Cooperativa de Ahorro y Crédito Focla del cantón Lago Agrio, período 2021

El examen especial a la cuenta cartera de crédito de la cooperativa de ahorro y crédito ¨Focla¨ del cantón Lago Agrio, periodo 2021. Se ha desarrollado con el objetivo de ejecutar el examen especial a la cuenta de cartera de crédito, mediante la aplicación de procedimientos de auditoría para la emisión del informe final que da paso a una serie de recomendaciones para la mitigación de los riegos de créditos, para lo cual, se elaboró mediante los diferentes métodos, técnicas, e instrumentos de investigación necesarias, además se utilizó las técnicas e instrumentos como: la encuesta a aplicada al personal administrativo y financiero de la cooperativa que facilitaron la recolección, análisis y la sinterización de la información al igual que la matriz FODA donde se evidencia que la COAC no cuenta con políticas de recuperación de créditos, esto significa que no se ha considerado elaborar un plan de mitigación de riesgos de crédito. Para la ejecución del examen especial se utilizó los diferentes procedimientos de auditoría basados en archivo permanente y archivo corriente la cuales se desarrolla la planificación: preliminar y específico, ejecución y comunicación de resultados según la norma de control interno N° 300- 02 lo cual. Se concluyo que la ejecución del examen especial a la cuenta cartera de créditos, la COAC no cuenta con un plan de mitigación de riesgos de créditos, además no cumple con los procedimientos establecidos en el Manual de Créditos. Se recomendó a la gerencia de la cooperativa deberá realizar auditorías financieras, auditorias de gestión o un examen especial mínimo 1 vez al año con el fin de implementar el dictamen, recomendaciones o para determinar los riegos operativos existentesThe particular examination of the credit portfolio account of the savings and credit cooperative ¨Focla¨ of the canton Lago Agrio, period 2021, has been developed to execute the particular examination of the credit portfolio account through the application of audit procedures for the issuance of the final report that gives way to a series of recommendations for the mitigation of credit risks, for which, it was developed through the different methods, techniques, and necessary research tools, also used the techniques and instruments such as the survey applied to the administrative and financial personnel of the cooperative that facilitated the collection, analysis, and sintering of the information as well as the SWOT matrix where it is evident that the COAC does not have credit recovery policies, this means that it has not been considered to develop a credit risk mitigation plan. For the execution of the particular examination, the different audit procedures based on permanent files and current files were used to establish the planning: preliminary and specific, execution and communication of results according to internal control standard No. 300- 02. It was concluded that during the execution of the particular examination of the credit portfolio account, the COAC does not have a credit risk mitigation plan. Also, it does not comply with the procedures established in the Credit Manual. It was recommended that the cooperative's management should conduct financial audits, management audits, or a careful review at least once a year to implement the opinion and recommendations or to determine the existing operational risk