The HEASARC Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Archive: The Pipeline and the Catalog

Since its launch in late 2004, the Swift satellite triggered or observed an average of one gamma-ray burst (GRB) every 3 days, for a total of 771 GRBs by 2012 January. Here, we report the development of a pipeline that semi automatically performs the data-reduction and data-analysis processes for the three instruments on board Swift (BAT, XRT, UVOT). The pipeline is written in Perl, and it uses only HEAsoft tools and can be used to perform the analysis of a majority of the point-like objects (e.g., GRBs, active galactic nuclei, pulsars) observed by Swift. We run the pipeline on the GRBs, and we present a database containing the screened data, the output products, and the results of our ongoing analysis. Furthermore, we created a catalog summarizing some GRB information, collected either by running the pipeline or from the literature. The Perl script, the database, and the catalog are available for downloading and querying at the HEASARC Web site

Development of high-resolution real-time sub-ppb ethane spectroscopy and some pilot studies in life science

We describe a high-resolution real-time spectroscopy system targeted to ethane gas with sensitivity > or = 70 ppt and response time from > or = 0.7 s. The measurement technique is based on a mid-IR lead-salt laser passing through a Herriott cell through which a gas sample flows. We compare wavelength scanning and locked configurations and discuss their relative merits. The technology has been motivated by clinical breath testing applications, ethane being widely regarded as the most important breath biomarker for cell damage via free-radical-mediated oxidative attack. We discuss preliminary human and animal studies in which ultrasensitive real-time ethane detection offers new diagnostic and monitoring potential

Effects of changes to the stable environment on the exhalation of ethane, carbon monoxide and hydrogen peroxide by horses with respiratory inflammation

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of changes to the stable environment on exhaled markers of respiratory inflammation in six horses with clinical histories of recurrent airway obstruction. The horses were maintained for two weeks under conventional stable management (straw bedding and hay) and for two weeks on a reduced-dust regimen (paper bedding and ensiled grass), in a crossover study design. Exhaled ethane and carbon monoxide (CO) and exhaled breath condensate hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) were measured every three days under each regimen. The presence of clinical signs of airway inflammation (nasal discharge and cough) was monitored daily. The reduced-dust regimen was associated with fewer clinical signs of airway inflammation than the conventional regimen. Exhaled ethane and CO were significantly lower on the reduced-dust regimen and these markers were correlated with clinical signs of respiratory inflammation, but exhaled H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> was not affected by the management regimen

Morphological, Mechanical and Interfacial Analysis of Vapour-Grown Carbon Fibres

The diverse shapes in which vapour grown carbon fibres can be produced were studied using scanning electron microscopy and laser diffraction. Fibres with a cylindrical shape were characterised by tensile testing. It is shown that the Weibull distribution function is well adapted to interpret the fibres' strength data. On the other hand, the fragmentation method cannot be used to assess the quality of the interface of these fibres in polymeric matrix composites. This is due to the failure mode which is inherent to the inner structure of the vapour grown carbon fibres

Application of laser spectroscopy for measurement of exhaled ethane in patients with lung cancer.

There is increasing interest in ethane (CA) in exhaled breath as a noninvasive marker of oxidative stress (OS) and thereby a potential indicator of disease. However, the lack of real-time measurement techniques has limited progress in the field. Here we report on a novel Tunable Diode Laser Spectrometer (TDLS) applied to the analysis of exhaled ethane in patients with lung cancer. The patient group (n = 52) comprised randomly selected patients presenting at a respiratory clinic. Of these, a sub-group (n = 12) was subsequently diagnosed with lung cancer. An age-matched group (n = 12) corresponding to the lung cancer group was taken from a larger control group of healthy adults (n = 58). The concentration of ethane in a single exhaled breath sample collected from all subjects was later measured using the TDLS. This technique is capable of real-time analysis of samples with accuracy 0.1 parts per billion (ppb), over 10 times less than typical ambient levels in the northern hemisphere. After correcting for ambient background, ethane in the control group (26% smokers) ranged from 0 to 10.54 ppb (median of 1.9 ppb) while ethane in the lung cancer patients (42% smokers) ranged from 0 to 7.6 ppb (median of 0.7 ppb). Ethane among the non-lung cancer patients presenting for investigation of respiratory disease ranged from 0 to 25 ppb (median 1.45 ppb). We conclude that, white the TDLS proved effective for accurate and rapid sample analysis, there was no significant difference in exhaled ethane among any of the subject groups. Comments are made on the suitability of the technique for monitoring applications. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved