Six Studies in Nineteenth-Century English Literature and Thought

122 p. 23 cm. Includes bibliography University of Kansas autho

Identification of Alternative Transcripts Encoding the Essential Murine Gammaherpesvirus Lytic Transactivator RTA

The essential immediate early transcriptional activator RTA, encoded by gene 50, is conserved among all characterized gammaherpesviruses. Analyses of a recombinant murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68) lacking both of the known gene 50 promoters (G50DblKo) revealed that this mutant retained the ability to replicate in the simian kidney epithelial cell line Vero but not in permissive murine fibroblasts following low-multiplicity infection. However, G50DblKo replication in permissive fibroblasts was partially rescued by high-multiplicity infection. In addition, replication of the G50DblKo virus was rescued by growth on mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) isolated from IFN-α/βR(−/−) mice, while growth on Vero cells was suppressed by the addition of alpha interferon (IFN-α). 5′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) analyses of RNAs prepared from G50DblKo and wild-type MHV68-infected murine macrophages identified three novel gene 50 transcripts initiating from 2 transcription initiation sites located upstream of the currently defined proximal and distal gene 50 promoters. In transient promoter assays, neither of the newly identified gene 50 promoters exhibited sensitivity to IFN-α treatment. Furthermore, in a single-step growth analysis RTA levels were higher at early times postinfection with the G50DblKo mutant than with wild-type virus but ultimately fell below the levels of RTA expressed by wild-type virus at later times in infection. Infection of mice with the MHV68 G50DblKo virus demonstrated that this mutant virus was able to establish latency in the spleen and peritoneal exudate cells (PECs) of C57BL/6 mice with about 1/10 the efficiency of wild-type virus or marker rescue virus. However, despite the ability to establish latency, the G50DblKo virus mutant was severely impaired in its ability to reactivate from either latently infected splenocytes or PECs. Consistent with the ability to rescue replication of the G50DblKo mutant by growth on type I interferon receptor null MEFs, infection of IFN-α/βR(−/−) mice with the G50DblKo mutant virus demonstrated partial rescue of (i) acute virus replication in the lungs, (ii) establishment of latency, and (iii) reactivation from latency. The identification of additional gene 50/RTA transcripts highlights the complex mechanisms involved in controlling expression of RTA, likely reflecting time-dependent and/or cell-specific roles of different gene 50 promoters in controlling virus replication. Furthermore, the newly identified gene 50 transcripts may also act as negative regulators that modulate RTA expression. IMPORTANCE The viral transcription factor RTA, encoded by open reading frame 50 (Orf50), is well conserved among all known gammaherpesviruses and is essential for both virus replication and reactivation from latently infected cells. Previous studies have shown that regulation of gene 50 transcription is complex. The studies reported here describe the presence of additional alternatively initiated, spliced transcripts that encode RTA. Understanding how expression of this essential viral gene product is regulated may identify new strategies for interfering with infection in the setting of gammaherpesvirus-induced diseases

The trough-system algorithm and its application to spatial modeling of Greenland subglacial topography

This is the published version. Copyright 2014 Herzfeld et al.Dynamic ice-sheet models are used to assess the contribution of mass loss from the Greenland ice sheet to sea-level rise. Mass transfer from ice sheet to ocean is in a large part through outlet glaciers. Bed topography plays an important role in ice dynamics, since the acceleration from the slow-moving inland ice to an ice stream is in many cases caused by the existence of a subglacial trough or trough system. Problems are that most subglacial troughs are features of a scale not resolved in most ice-sheet models and that radar measurements of subglacial topography do not always reach the bottoms of narrow troughs. The trough-system algorithm introduced here employs mathematical morphology and algebraic topology to correctly represent subscale features in a topographic generalization, so the effects of troughs on ice flow are retained in ice-dynamic models. The algorithm is applied to derive a spatial elevation model of Greenland subglacial topography, integrating recently collected radar measurements (CReSIS data) of the Jakobshavn Isbræ, Helheim, Kangerdlussuaq and Petermann glacier regions. The resultant JakHelKanPet digital elevation model has been applied in dynamic ice-sheet modeling and sea-level-rise assessment

Young Adults’ Conceptions of the Sacred in Finland Today

Peer reviewe

1951: Abilene Christian College Bible Lectures - Full Text

Delivered in the Auditorium of Abilene Christian College Abilene, Texas February 18-22, 1951 Price, $3.00 FIRM FOUNDATION PUBLISHING HOUSE Austin, Texa

Extensive Liquid Meltwater Storage in Firn Within the Greenland Ice Sheet

The accelerating loss of mass from the Greenland ice sheet is a major contribution to current sea level rise. Increased melt water runoff is responsible for half of Greenlands mass loss increase. Surface melt has been increasing in extent and intensity, setting a record for surface area melt and runoff in 2012. The mechanisms and timescales involved in allowing surface melt water to reach the ocean where it can contribute to sea level rise are poorly understood. The potential capacity to store this water in liquid or frozen form in the firn (multi-year snow layer) is significant, and could delay its sea-level contribution. Here we describe direct observation of water within a perennial firn aquifer persisting throughout the winter in the southern ice sheet,where snow accumulation and melt rates are high. This represents a previously unknown storagemode for water within the ice sheet. Ice cores, groundairborne radar and a regional climatemodel are used to estimate aquifer area (70 plue or minus 10 x 10(exp 3) square kilometers ) and water table depth (5-50 m). The perennial firn aquifer represents a new glacier facies to be considered 29 in future ice sheet mass 30 and energy budget calculations

1957: Abilene Christian College Bible Lectures - Full Text

Featuring the Theme CHRIST IN YOU -THE HOPE OF GLORY PRICE: $3.00 FIRM FOUNDATION PUBLISHING HOUSE BOX 77 AUSTIN, TEXA

1956: Abilene Christian College Bible Lectures - Full Text

Golden Anniversary Edition featuring the theme THEY SHALL ALL BE TAUGHT OF GOD Price: $3.50 FIRM FOUNDATION PUBLISHING HOUSE Box 77 Austin, Texa