Pierwsze miesiące działalności sądów pokoju w Apelacji Poznańskiej w 1920 roku w świetle akt Sądu Apelacyjnego w Poznaniu

The aim of the paper is to present the activities of the courts of peace in the Court of Appeal in the Poznan circuit in the Polish Second Republic in the first months of their existence in 1920. The courts of peace were established in the former Prussian partition by the Polish authorities because of the shortage of Polish legal professionals. Justices of the peace were appointed from the local citizenry and most of them had no formal legal education. The article, which is primarily based on the study of court files from the Court of Appeal in Poznan, deals with selected problems concerning the implementation of the courts of peace, like issues connected with the appointment of new justices and the financial compensation for their activities at court.The aim of the paper is to present the activities of the courts of peace in the Court of Appeal in the Poznan circuit in the Polish Second Republic in the first months of their existence in 1920. The courts of peace were established in the former Prussian partition by the Polish authorities because of the shortage of Polish legal professionals. Justices of the peace were appointed from the local citizenry and most of them had no formal legal education. The article, which is primarily based on the study of court files from the Court of Appeal in Poznan, deals with selected problems concerning the implementation of the courts of peace, like issues connected with the appointment of new justices and the financial compensation for their activities at court

Bezwzględne przesłanki rozwiązania małżeństwa w BGB w świetle spraw rozwodowych zakończonych oddaleniem pozwu przed Sądem Okręgowym w Poznaniu w latach 1928-1939

Bezwzględne przesłanki rozwiązania małżeństwa w BGB w świetle spraw rozwodowych zakończonych oddaleniem pozwu przed Sądem Okręgowym w Poznaniu w latach 1928-193

The stability of the civil marriage in the jurisprudence of the Regional Court in Poznań in the Second Polish Republic

Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAMPrzedmiotem pracy doktorskiej jest trwałość małżeństwa cywilnego w byłej dzielnicy pruskiej, analizowana poprzez orzecznictwo Sądu Okręgowego w Poznaniu w II Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Podstawą źródłową pracy są w pierwszym rzędzie akta około 1500 spraw małżeńskich zachowane w zespole akt Sądu Okręgowego w Poznaniu w Archiwum Państwowym w Poznaniu. W pracy przeanalizowano zastosowanie niemieckich przepisów prawa małżeńskiego w orzeczeniach wydawanych przez polskie sądy. Praca jest podzielona na 7 rozdziałów, w których przedstawiono kolejno strukturę Sądu Okręgowego w Poznaniu i wpływ spraw małżeńskich, postępowanie w sprawach małżeńskich ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem zmian wywołanych wejściem w życie w 1933 r. polskiego kodeksu postępowania cywilnego, orzecznictwo w sprawach o rozwód i osobno o zniesienie wspólności małżeńskiej (§ 1575 BGB), zastosowanie w orzecznictwie bezwzględnych przyczyn rozwodu (§§ 1565-1567 i § 1569 BGB) oraz względnych przyczyn rozwodu (§ 1568 BGB) wraz z kwestią przebaczenia zarzutów rozwodowych i ich wygaśnięcia (§§ 1571-1573 BGB), orzecznictwo w innych sprawach małżeńskich (o unieważnienie i zaczepienie małżeństwa, o przywrócenie pożycia małżeńskiego oraz o ustalenie istnienia małżeństwa), a nadto postępowanie w sprawach małżeńskich przed sądami wyższych instancji – Sądem Apelacyjnym w Poznaniu i Sądem Najwyższym.The study explores the proceedings in marriage trials and the stability of the civil marriage in the former Prussian partition during the existence of the Second Polish Republic (between 1920 and 1939). The former Prussian sector in western Poland favored the regulations of the German Civil Code of 1896 (BGB) that provided for a completely secular marriage. The background for the research project consists of the analysis of the source materials – the court files of the divorce cases ruled by the Regional Court in Poznań. The dissertation is focused on four dimensions of the German marriage law applied by the Regional Court in Poznań: the course of court proceedings in divorce cases, with particular emphasis put on the court’s rulings and attempted reconciliation of the conflicted spouses during the trial; the final court decisions with focus on the application of the absolute grounds for divorce and the qualified grounds for divorce (Generalklausel – §1568 BGB) in the statements of reasons for judgments, including the role of condonation and the limitation of divorce claims; the proceedings in other marital cases (like judicial separation - § 1575 BGB) and further proceedings in divorce trials in the courts of higher instances, including the jurisprudence of the Court of Appeal in Poznań and the Polish Supreme Court

The problem of “legal bigamy” in the light of the rulings of the District Court in Poznan

The purpose of the paper is to present the problem of so-called “legal bigamy” in the light of the rulings of the District Court in Poznan. The marriage law regulations in The Second Polish Republic were completely different in various parts of the country and attempts to unify them failed. This situation caused significant problems: for example, many civil courts refused to recognize some of the divorce judgments issued by church courts in the former Russian partition because of their improper jurisdiction. The paper focuses on two matrimonial cases that were ruled upon by the District Court in Poznan. In both cases the District Court in Poznan was to decide whether divorce judgments issued by the church court of the Polish Orthodox Church in Warsaw were also binding in the former Prussian district

Social Transformations in Contemporary Society

Abstract Purpose -the article aims to present the arguments used in the debate over the proposed new matrimonial law in the interwar Poland. The new codification was prepared in order to replace the previously existing regulations, that were completely different in the various parts of the country. Due to the opposition to the new legislation it never came into force. It should be noted that this opposition had a mass character, that was induced by the attitude of the conservative circles and the dominant religious groups. The author aims to show the various types of the arguments used in the debate (related i. e. to the position of the family, the development of the nation) and to indicate the usefulness of the analysis of the discussion on the law of marriage to reflect on contemporary discussions over controversial legal projects. Design / methodology / approach -research for the article was based on the analysis of the selected papers issued in the interwar period that referred to the proposed new marriage law. Findings -the goal of the research is to show that both proponents and opponents of the new matrimonial law used an extremely wide range of arguments. These arguments were not only of a religious nature. Legal and sociological arguments were also used during the debate