Mixing in thermally stratified nonlinear spin-up with sources and sinks

Stratified spin-up experiments in enclosed cylinders have reported the presence of small pockets of well-mixed fluids but quantitative measurements of the mixedness of the fluid has been lacking. Previous numerical simulations have not addressed these measurements. Here we present numerical simulations that address how the combined effect of spin-up and thermal boundary conditions enhances or hinders mixing of a fluid in a cylinder. Measurements of efficiency of mixing are based on the variance of temperature and explained in terms of the potential energy available. The numerical simulations of the Navier--Stokes equations for the problem with different sets of thermal boundary conditions at the horizontal walls helped shed some light on the physical mechanisms of mixing, for which a clear explanation was lacking.Comment: Submitted to Physics of Fluids, 9 figure

Use of artificial neural networks for prediction of convective heat transfer in evaporative units

Convective heat transfer prediction of evaporative processes is more complicated\ud than the heat transfer prediction of single-phase convective processes. This is due to the fact that physical phenomena involved in evaporative processes are very complex and vary with the vapor quality that increases gradually as more fluid is evaporated. Power-law correlations used for prediction of evaporative convection have proved little accuracy when used in practical cases. In this investigation, neural-network-based models have been used as a tool for prediction of the thermal performance of evaporative units. For this purpose, experimental data were obtained in a facility that includes a counter-flow concentric pipes heat exchanger with R134a refrigerant flowing inside the circular\ud section and temperature controlled warm water moving through the annular\ud section. This work also included the construction of an inverse Rankine refrigeration\ud cycle that was equipped with measurement devices, sensors and a data\ud acquisition system to collect the experimental measurements under different\ud operating conditions. Part of the data were used to train several neural-network\ud configurations. The best neural-network model was then used for prediction\ud purposes and the results obtained were compared with experimental data not\ud used for training purposes. The results obtained in this investigation reveal the\ud convenience of using artificial neural networks as accurate predictive tools for\ud determining convective heat transfer rates of evaporative processes

The immunogenetic diversity of the HLA system in Mexico correlates with underlying population genetic structure

We studied HLA class I (HLA-A, -B) and class II (HLA-DRB1, -DQB1) allele groups and alleles by PCR-SSP based typing in a total of 15,318 mixed ancestry Mexicans from all the states of the country divided into 78 sample sets, providing information regarding allelic and haplotypic frequencies and their linkage disequilibrium, as well as admixture estimates and genetic substructure. We identified the presence of 4268 unique HLA extended haplotypes across Mexico and find that the ten most frequent (HF > 1%) HLA haplotypes with significant linkage disequilibrium (Δ’≥0.1) in Mexico (accounting for 20% of the haplotypic diversity of the country) are of primarily Native American ancestry (A*02~B*39~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02, A*02~B*35~DRB1*08~DQB1*04, A*68~B*39~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02, A*02~B*35~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02, A*24~B*39~DRB1*14~DQB1*03:01, A*24~B*35~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02, A*24~B*39~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02, A*02~B*40:02~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02, A*68~B*35~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02, A*02~B*15:01~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02). Admixture estimates obtained by a maximum likelihood method using HLA-A/-B/-DRB1 as genetic estimators revealed that the main genetic components in Mexico as a whole are Native American (ranging from 37.8% in the northern part of the country to 81.5% in the southeastern region) and European (ranging from 11.5% in the southeast to 62.6% in northern Mexico). African admixture ranged from 0.0 to 12.7% not following any specific pattern. We were able to detect three major immunogenetic clusters correlating with genetic diversity and differential admixture within Mexico: North, Central and Southeast, which is in accordance with previous reports using genome-wide data. Our findings provide insights into the population immunogenetic substructure of the whole country and add to the knowledge of mixed ancestry Latin American population genetics, important for disease association studies, detection of demographic signatures on population variation and improved allocation of public health resources.Fil: Barquera, Rodrigo. Max Planck Institute For The Science Of Human History; Alemania. Instituto Nacional de Antropología E Historia. Escuela Nacional de Antropología E Historia; MéxicoFil: Hernández Zaragoza, Diana Iraíz. Técnicas Genéticas Aplicadas A la Clínica (tgac); México. Instituto Nacional de Antropología E Historia. Escuela Nacional de Antropología E Historia; MéxicoFil: Bravo Acevedo, Alicia. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; MéxicoFil: Arrieta Bolaños, Esteban. Universitat Essen; AlemaniaFil: Clayton, Stephen. Max Planck Institute For The Science Of Human History; AlemaniaFil: Acuña Alonzo, Víctor. Instituto Nacional de Antropología E Historia, Mexico; MéxicoFil: Martínez Álvarez, Julio César. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; MéxicoFil: López Gil, Concepción. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; MéxicoFil: Adalid Sáinz, Carmen. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; MéxicoFil: Vega Martínez, María del Rosario. Hospital Central Sur de Alta Especialidad; MéxicoFil: Escobedo Ruíz, Araceli. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; MéxicoFil: Juárez Cortés, Eva Dolores. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; MéxicoFil: Immel, Alexander. Max Planck Institute For The Science Of Human History; Alemania. Christian Albrechts Universitat Zu Kiel; AlemaniaFil: Pacheco Ubaldo, Hanna. Instituto Nacional de Antropología E Historia. Escuela Nacional de Antropología E Historia; MéxicoFil: González Medina, Liliana. Instituto Nacional de Antropología E Historia. Escuela Nacional de Antropología E Historia; MéxicoFil: Lona Sánchez, Abraham. Instituto Nacional de Antropología E Historia. Escuela Nacional de Antropología E Historia; MéxicoFil: Lara Riegos, Julio. Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán; MéxicoFil: Sánchez Fernández, María Guadalupe de Jesús. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; MéxicoFil: Díaz López, Rosario. Hospital Central Militar, Mexico City; MéxicoFil: Guizar López, Gregorio Ulises. Hospital Central Militar, Mexico City; MéxicoFil: Medina Escobedo, Carolina Elizabeth. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; MéxicoFil: Arrazola García, María Araceli. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; MéxicoFil: Montiel Hernández, Gustavo Daniel. Instituto Nacional de Antropología E Historia. Escuela Nacional de Antropología E Historia; MéxicoFil: Hernández Hernández, Ofelia. Técnicas Genéticas Aplicadas a la Clínica ; MéxicoFil: Ramos de la Cruz, Flor del Rocío. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; MéxicoFil: Juárez Nicolás, Francisco. Instituto Nacional de Pediatría; MéxicoFil: Pantoja Torres, Jorge Arturo. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; MéxicoFil: Rodríguez Munguía, Tirzo Jesús. Hospital General Norberto Treviño Zapata; MéxicoFil: Juárez Barreto, Vicencio. Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez; MéxicoFil: Gonzalez-Jose, Rolando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas; Argentin

American College of Rheumatology Provisional Criteria for Clinically Relevant Improvement in Children and Adolescents With Childhood-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

10.1002/acr.23834ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH715579-59

4to. Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad. Memoria académica

Este volumen acoge la memoria académica de la Cuarta edición del Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad, CITIS 2017, desarrollado entre el 29 de noviembre y el 1 de diciembre de 2017 y organizado por la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (UPS) en su sede de Guayaquil. El Congreso ofreció un espacio para la presentación, difusión e intercambio de importantes investigaciones nacionales e internacionales ante la comunidad universitaria que se dio cita en el encuentro. El uso de herramientas tecnológicas para la gestión de los trabajos de investigación como la plataforma Open Conference Systems y la web de presentación del Congreso http://citis.blog.ups.edu.ec/, hicieron de CITIS 2017 un verdadero referente entre los congresos que se desarrollaron en el país. La preocupación de nuestra Universidad, de presentar espacios que ayuden a generar nuevos y mejores cambios en la dimensión humana y social de nuestro entorno, hace que se persiga en cada edición del evento la presentación de trabajos con calidad creciente en cuanto a su producción científica. Quienes estuvimos al frente de la organización, dejamos plasmado en estas memorias académicas el intenso y prolífico trabajo de los días de realización del Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad al alcance de todos y todas