Growing up in the deep-sea protected development in deep-sea invertebrates: A case study in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean

Marine invertebrates display a range of reproductive strategies, from external fertilization to several methods to protect the young. Both brooding or protected development of benthic species and direct development species (when juveniles born in a smaller version of its adult form) involves reducing the time that the larvae and/or juveniles spend in the plankton. The different forms of juvenile protection are often associated with the taxonomic group, although certain groups are much diversified in terms of their reproductive modes. However, the area where the species live also seems to play a key role. Several authors have indicated the unusual proportion of brooding species in the Southern Ocean, in particular in the southwestern Atlantic, including its adjacent deep-sea. The knowledge about the reproductive characteristics of most of the fauna in this area remains unknown. Proof of this are the great number of studies carried out in recent years, describing the reproductive features of several species (many also new), with some of them having many peculiarities about their biology.Fil: Teso, Silvia Valeria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Martinez, Mariano Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Lauretta, Daniel Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Pastorino, Roberto Santiago Guido. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Urteaga, Diego Gaston. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Averbuj, Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos; ArgentinaFil: Brogger, Martin Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos; ArgentinaFil: Arrighetti, Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Rivadeneira, Pamela Ruth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Flores, Jonathan Nahuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Pertossi, Renata Micaela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Sánchez, Noelia Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Pacheco, Leonel Ivan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Di Luca, Javier Agustín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Sanchez Antelo, Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Risaro, Jessica Ayelen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Ciocco, Rocio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Penchaszadeh, Pablo Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; Argentin

Taxonomy and biogeography of bivalves of the genus Cuspidaria from southern Southwestern Atlantic deep sea

In this paper, a taxonomic review of the bivalves of the genus Cuspidaria Nardo, 1840 from the southern southwestern Atlantic is conducted. Specimens deposited in malacological collections and samples collected onboard the R/V Puerto Deseado off Mar del Plata (~36°S) and MPA Namuncurá/Burdwood Bank area (~54°S), between 200 and 3,000 m depth, are the focus of this revision. The specimens were analyzed through conchological and anatomical features. The geographic and bathymetric distributions for each species are provided and possible factors determining biogeographic patterns are discussed. As a result, Cuspidaria infirma n. sp., Cuspidaria cancellata n. sp., Cuspidaria namuncura n. sp., and Cuspidaria cf. kerguelensis (Smith, 1885), are described. In addition, Cuspidaria exigua (Jeffreys, 1876), Cuspidaria bicarinata Jeffreys, 1882, Cuspidaria platensis (Smith, 1885), Cuspidaria tenella Smith, 1907, Cuspidaria infelix Thiele, 1912, and Cuspidaria barnardi Knudsen, 1970 are redescribed after the study of new specimens. Elliptic Fourier analyses were performed for each side of the shell to delimit species objectively using their shape. Results showed a clear differentiation on both valves among species. Cuspidaria bicarinata and Cuspidaria exigua, both North Atlantic species, were recorded for the first time in the southwestern Atlantic, and Cuspidaria infelix and Cuspidaria tenella, both Antarctic/sub-Antarctic species, expanded their distribution northwards. Two cluster analyses, for species and areas respectively, revealed a vertical zonation, separating species into two different groups highly corresponding to deep-sea water mass distributions.Fil: Pacheco, Leonel Ivan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Teso, Silvia Valeria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Pastorino, Roberto Santiago Guido. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; Argentin

CARCASS AND MEAT CHARACTERISTICS OF CULL COWS SLAUGHTERED AT DISTINCT WEIGHTS AND DEGREE OF FATNESS – META-ANALYTICAL APPROACH

The aim of this study was to carry out a meta-analysis of the carcass and meat characteristics of cull cows slaughtered at different weights and degree of fatness. The treatments were according to slaughter weight, (above 480.5 kg , Heavy, or below 480 kg, Light, of LW); and carcass degree of fatness (fat thickness between 6 and 10 mm, >6, or between 3 and 6 mm, <6). A completely random experimental design with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement was used with two classes of slaughter weight and two classes of carcass degree of fatness. We evaluated papers about studies on cull cows carcass and meat, performed in Brazil between January 2000 and March 2013, available for access at SciELO and Capes search platforms. The papers were found through the combination of the following keywords: carcass, meat, bovine females, heifers and cows. The increase in cow’s slaughter weight did not affect hot carcass weight (252.3 versus 233.3 kg). There was less hot carcass yield (52.9 versus 56.9%) and higher conformation (10.0 against 8.6 points). The highest degree of finishing positively influenced marbling (8.7 versus 5.4 points). The increase in slaughter weight produces better carcass conformation but does not affect meat quality; on the other hand, raising the finishing degree above 6mm changes the sensory characteristics of meat

Características da carcaça e qualidade da carne de novilhos e novilhas alimentados com diferentes dietas de alto grão em confinamento

The goal of the present study was to evaluatecharacteristics of the carcass and meat of steers and heifers, finished in feedlots and fed different high-grain diets. Forty-five bovines were used: 21 heifers, with an initial age of 32 months and initial weight of 359.9 kg, and 24 steers, with an initial age of 20 months and initial weight of 337.6 kg, from a Charolais × Nelore crossbreed. The animals were divided among the treatments, which were defined by the energy source used in the diet: rice, white oats, or corn; seven heifers and eight steers were used per diet treatment. The animals remained confined until reaching an estimated warm carcass weight of 220 kg. The experimental design was completely randomized, with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement. Weights at slaughter were higher for animals fed white oats (449.3 kg) or corn (430.4 kg) than for animals fed rice (401.8 kg). Higher carcass yields were found in corn-fed animals. Animals that received rice had lower coverfat thickness. The yields of the rib and hind-quarter commercial cuts were higher for cattle that received white oats or corn. Animals that received corn diets had greater arm circumference than animals that received white oatsand both were larger than animals that were fed rice. The tenderness (5.15 points) and palatability (5.46 points) of rice-fed animals werelower than those of animals fed white oats (5.73 and 6.40 points, respectively) or corn (6.04 and 6.45 points, respectively). Slaughter weights were similar between categories - 424.1 kg and 430.2 kg for steers and heifers, respectively. Steers had higher fore-quarter yield (38.0% vs.37.4%), whereas heifers had a greater carcass length (126.0 cm vs. 123.1 cm). The finishing of cattle with corn- or white oat-based high grain-diets yielded heavier carcasses, with adequate deposition of fat, andbetter performance of principal carcass cuts. Feeding with rice in high-grain diets produced leaner meats, but reduced carcass weight, with greater losses upon cooling and less tender meat. The production of confined heifers or steers ensures similar meat products.O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar as características da carcaça e da carne de novilhos e novilhas, terminados em confinamento alimentados com diferentes dietas de alto grão. Utilizaram-se 45 bovinos de duas categorias, sendo 21 novilhas com idade inicial de 32 meses e 359,9 kg, e 24 novilhos com idade inicial de 20 meses e 337,6 kg, oriundos do cruzamento entre as raças Charolês e Nelore. Os animais foram distribuídos nos tratamentos conforme a fonte energética utilizada na dieta, sendo essas: arroz; aveia branca ou milho, sendo utilizados sete novilhas e oito novilhos para cada dieta alimentar. Os animais permaneceram confinados até atingir, por estimativa, peso de carcaça quente de 220 kg. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com arranjo fatorial 3 x 2 (três tratamentos e duas categorias). Os pesos ao abate foram superiores para os animais alimentados com aveia branca (449,3 kg) ou milho (430,4 kg) em relação aos animais que receberam arroz (401,8 kg), com maiores rendimentos de carcaça para aqueles que receberam milho. Animais que receberam arroz apresentaram menor espessura de gordura de cobertura. Os rendimentos dos cortes comerciais costilhar e serrote foram superiores para os bovinos que receberam aveia branca ou milho. Para o perímetro de braço, animais que receberam milho foram superiores aos animais que receberam arroz, com comportamento intermediário para aqueles que receberam aveia branca. Animais que receberam arroz apresentaram maciez (5,15 pontos) e palatabilidade (5,46 pontos) inferiores em relação àqueles que foram alimentados com aveia branca (5,73 e 6,40 pontos, respectivamente) ou milho (6,04 e 6,45 pontos, respectivamente). Entre as categorias os pesos de abate foram similares, 424,1 kg e 430,2 kg para novilhos e novilhas, respectivamente. Os novilhos apresentaram maior rendimento de dianteiro (38,0 contra 37,4%) ao passo que novilhas demonstraram maior comprimento de carcaça (126,0 contra 123,1 cm). A terminação de bovinos com dietas com alto grão a base de milho ou aveia branca produz carcaças mais pesadas, com adequada deposição de gordura e com melhor rendimento dos cortes principais da carcaça. A alimentação com arroz em dietas de alto grão produz carnes mais magras, porém reduz o peso de carcaça, com maior perda ao resfriamento e carne de menor maciez. A produção de novilhas ou novilhos confinados assegura produtos cárneos similares

Efeito heterótico sobre características da carcaça de novilhos confinados

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito heterótico nas características da carcaça de novilhos das raças Charolês (Ch) e Nelore (Ne) e cruzados entre essas de quinta (21/32Ch 11/32Ne; 21/32Ne 11/32Ch) e sexta (43/64Ch 21/64Ne; 43/64Ne 21/64Ch) gerações, terminados em confinamento. Utilizaram-se 48 novilhos com idade e peso iniciais de 20 meses e 243,4 kg, respectivamente. Os animais receberam dieta com relação volumoso: concentrado de 39: 61 (base na matéria seca), sendo o volumoso silagem de sorgo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado. O efeito heterótico foi significativo para peso de abate na quinta e sexta gerações, com valores de 41,6 e 38,1 kg, respectivamente. Do mesmo modo, o efeito heterótico foi significativo para os pesos de carcaças quente e fria na quinta geração, 25,6 e 25,2 kg, respectivamente, e sexta geração, com valores de 23,2 e 22,7 kg, citados na mesma ordem. Para as características métricas da carcaça, o efeito heterótico foi significativo na quinta geração para comprimentos de perna e de carcaça, com valores de 3,31 e 3,81 cm, respectivamente. Entre novilhos de raça pura, animais Charolês apresentaram maior comprimento de carcaça (119,4 contra 112,5 cm), enquanto bovinos Nelore foram superiores no comprimento de perna (72,1 contra 66,9 cm). Quanto a conformação, entre novilhos puros, animais Charolês foram superiores aos Nelore (11,4 contra 9,8 pontos). O efeito heterótico foi significativo para os três cortes comerciais da carcaça em peso absoluto, porém para os rendimentos dos cortes principais na carcaça o efeito heterótico não foi significativo em nenhuma das gerações avaliadas

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p<0·0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63·0% vs 82·7%; OR 0·35 [0·23–0·53]; p<0·0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer. Interpretation: Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit