Genetic analysis of wild and cultivated germplasm of pigeonpea using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers

The reliability of the quantification of genetic diversity using only one type of marker has been questioned as compared to the combined use of different markers. To compare the efficiency of the use of single versus multiple markers, the genetic diversity was quantified among 12 diverse pigeonpea germplasm comprised of eight wild and four cultivated using both random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, and how well these two types of markers discriminated the diverse pigeonpea germplasm was evaluated. The pigeonpea germplasm including eight wild species and four cultivated varieties was subjected to 40 RAPD and 40 microsatellite primers. The level of polymorphism as revealed by RAPD primers produced a total of 517 DNA fragments and all were found to be polymorphic that is, 100% and in SSR analysis 101 fragments were produced that too showed 100% polymorphism. The high similarity index value revealed by RAPD was 0.931 between GT-100 and ICPL-87 whereas through SSR, it was 1.00 between GTH-1 and GT-100 as well as Rhyncosia rothi and Rhyncosia minima. The least similarity index value revealed by RAPD (R. rothi and GTH-1) and SSR (Rhyncosia bracteata and ICPL-87) were 0.07 and 0.133, respectively. Using RAPD marker, the calculated arithmetic mean heterozygosity and the marker index were 0.90 and 22.47, respectively. The R. bracteata and ICPL-87 were found distinct from rest of other cultivars by showing only 13% similarity. Average PIC value shown by RAPD and SSR primers were found to be 0.90 and 0.18, respectively.Keywords: Pigeonpea, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers.African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(40), pp. 5823-583

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF DOUBLE SLOPE SOLAR STILL WITH ROTATING CYLINDER

Solar still is cheap, environmentally friendly and one of best efficient solution of water scarcity and unavailability of drinking water. But major obstacle to their use is limited productivity of conventional solar still. Therefore, objective of this work is to increase productivity of solar still by modifications. Here we create Modified Double Solar Still (MSS) by adding rotating hollow cylinder in Traditional Double Solar Still (TSS). To increase the surface area of evaporation we put rotating cylinder inside the basin. We have filled water as cylinder was partially inside it. At very low speed hollow cylinder has been rotating inside basin. We have performed two experiments, first one for TSS which is without cylinder and second is for MSS which is with cylinder. Cylinder is rotating continuously, during rotation upper part of it in with direct contact with sun light and downward part inside water. Cylinder’s upper portion can absorb heat from direct sun light and when it come downward, it can release heat inside water so that temperature of water rises rapidly and also rate of evaporation of water increase therefore it will become helpful to improve productivity of solar still. From the analysis of both the experiments, it is evident that productivity has increased 57% in MSS compared to TSS

Probing the evolution of galaxy clusters using SZ effect and non-thermal emission: First results from A1413

Mass is the most fundamental property of galaxy clusters. However, measuring it is still a challenge. Calibrating mass from intracluster medium observables such as the Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (SZ) effect is subject to uncertainty and biases because of the hydrostatic equilibrium assumption. On the other hand, merging cluster systems have been shown to exhibit radio emission which implies a link with disturbances from hydrostatic equilibrium. We present work on studying deviations of galaxy cluster gas pressure profile from the average (universal) pressure profile using an example of galaxy cluster Abell 1413 with SZ effect data from the Arcminute Microkelvin Imager and Planck. This cluster has also been observed at low radio frequency with the Murchison Widefield Array allowing the investigation of links between gas pressure profile deviations and the presence of radio emission

EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF FENUGREEK (TRIGONELLA FOENUM-GRAECUM) EXTRACTS

Objective: The present investigation was performed to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of Trigonella foenum-graecum leaves extracts and to elucidate the presence of phytochemicals responsible for its biological activity.Methods: The plant extracts were prepared by sequential cold maceration method by using four solvents viz., hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and distilled water. Antimicrobial activity of extracts was carried out by agar well diffusion method against four bacteria and five fungi. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of different extracts was determined using the broth dilution method. Thin layer chromatography (TLC), TLC bioautography and phytochemicals analysis were also performed.Results: The antibacterial activity of T. foenum-graecum leaves extracts was found maximum on Serratia marcescens with a zone of inhibition (ZOI) of 12.33±0.57 mm by aqueous extract followed by inhibition of Bacillus cereus (ZOI = 11.50±0.50 mm) by the methanol extract. The range of MIC of different extracts recorded was 6.25 to 25 mg/ml. Results of the antifungal activity showed that methanol extract showed a maximum zone of inhibition against Trichoderma viridae (ZOI = 14.5±0.5 mm) followed by ethyl acetate extract (ZOI = 12.0±1.0 mm). The MIC value for methanol extract against T. viridae was 6.25 mg/ml. The result of TLC bioautography revealed that compounds eluted at Rf 0.58 and Rf 0.67 exhibited strong while compounds eluted at Rf 0.31 and Rf 0.37 showed moderate antibacterial activity against S. marcescens. Phytochemicals analysis indicated that methanol and aqueous extracts contain more phytochemicals as compared to hexane and ethyl acetate extracts.Conclusion: The results obtained in this study clearly indicate that T. foenum-graecum leaves extracts to have a significant potential to be used as an antimicrobial agent due to the presence of different phytochemicals.Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, Phytochemicals analysis, TLC bioautography, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Trigonella foenum-graecumÂ

Design and Analysis of EDF Scheduling Algorithm for a Chosen Network Traffic Problem: Implementation and Simulation Analysis

Workstations, CPU etc are in a period of transition, moving from a relatively slow network links and data oriented services to a high set fibre optic services and more diverse services. As such many of the hard and soft real time will not only demand high bandwidth but also a predictable and guarantee Quality of Service (QoS) along side ,which is not offered in a best effort network (BE). The provision and terms of (QoS) to real-time applications is a key issue in promising broadband packet switched networks and network of other sorts. Applications such as voice and video typically require QoS guarantees in terms of end-to-end data transfer delays. Supporting the diverse and of course, heterogeneous delay requirements of applications with widely varying characteristics requires packet scheduling schemes more sophisticated than First-In-First-Out (FIFO) at each switch in the network(2) are one of most accepted examples of such scheduling schemes. This points to the convincing need for a QoS, which apportion a high network utilization to be realized.In this paper, we focus on the EDF scheduling scheme, since it is known to provide the optimal delay performance (2), in the deterministic environment, and can for this reason be expected to perform well in the real time setting as well. The large amount of bandwidth as promised by the future network also offer the integration of real time applications, hard or soft

Understanding molecular divergence and population structure of parental lines of CMS hybrids in pigeonpea

Pigeonpea is an important food legume crop providing significant protein and nutrients to the human diet in less-developed regions of Asia and Africa. CMS-based hybrid technology has been established in pigeonpea to impart yield stability and resilience in pigeonpea. Understanding the genetic relationships between parental lines is a key to find the cross combinations that offer increased level of heterosis. In the present study, we used 35 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to screen 75 pigeonpea genotypes including A, B and R lines, and inferred genetic diversity and population structure. Phylogenetic analysis suggested strong convergent pattern of evolution among the lines. Our results indicate presence of moderate genetic diversity in the panel. Population structure and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) confirmed existence of two distinct subpopulations. Furthermore, analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) accounted for 4% variance among and 96% variance within subpopulations, implying towards a high rate of gene exchange (or low genetic differentiation) between the two subpopulations. These undings provide a preliminary molecular framework to enable discovery of optimal hybrid combinations to enable improved hybrid vigour in pigeonpea

A comparative study of stromal reaction in Epi-on & Epi-off techniques post- C3R in Keratoconus patients with OCT.

TITLE: A patient study of Stromal Reaction after C3R with OCT and comparing Epi-On & Epi-Off techniques in Keratoconus patients. PURPOSE: To report a study of 20 patients of keratoconus showing the effect on the corneal structure and stromal reaction in post Corneal Collagen Cross Linking (C3R), through the Anterior Segment imaging technique- OCT METHODS: A Study was done from 15.7.2014 to 30.9.2014 of 20 patients having keratoconus, progressive type, where Collagen Cross linking was decided as the method of management (10 each of Epi-on and Epi-off technique). In the Epi-off technique, the epithelium was removed prior to corneal soakage of a dextran-based 0.1% photo sensitizer riboflavin solution for 30 minutes, followed by exposure of ultraviolet-A (typically 365-370 μm) light for 30 min with an intensity of 3 mW/cm 2 and 5.4 J/cm 2 of energy. In the Epi-on technique, a special dextran-trometamol EDTA based 0.1% riboflavin solution is used without scrapping the cornea, rest of the method is same. One week after the C3R procedure, the anterior segment OCT was done. RESULTS: In the first few weeks after cross-linking, a faint hyper reflectivity is noted in the anterior stroma, a distinct demarcation between the cross-linked and non-cross-linked areas of the cornea, the depth of demarcation line and the change in the corneal thickness was noted. CONCLUSION: In both the Epi-on and Epi-off technique, the change in the stromal thickness and demarcation line is same. Hence we conclude that both the techniques are equally effective