Trade Logistics and Regional Integration in Latin America and the Caribbean

During the past few decades, the landscape of the world economy has changed. New trade patterns reflect the globalization of the supply chain and intra-industry trade, and increasing flows between neighboring countries and trading blocs with similar factor endowments. Similarly, the approach to production, trade, and transportation has evolved incorporating freight logistics as an important value-added service in global production. This integrated approach have become essential, and as such, both the trade agenda and freight logistics are beginning to converge providing an unparalleled opportunity for countries to deepen their integration with neighboring countries and their national performance in transport related services. Consequently, developing countries are finding themselves hard-pressed to adjust their policy agendas to take into account costs not covered in past rounds of trade negotiations. This paper focuses on the importance of freight logistics in trade facilitation measures, examines the transport and logistics cost in international trade, addresses logistics performance in Latin America and the Caribbean and regional initiatives to advance the integration process and finally, exchanges views on the potential for trade logistics to impact the regional agenda and to deepen integration.latin america caribbean trade; regional integration; infrastructure trade facilitation

Recovering Latent Signals from a Mixture of Measurements using a Gaussian Process Prior

In sensing applications, sensors cannot always measure the latent quantity of interest at the required resolution, sometimes they can only acquire a blurred version of it due the sensor's transfer function. To recover latent signals when only noisy mixed measurements of the signal are available, we propose the Gaussian process mixture of measurements (GPMM), which models the latent signal as a Gaussian process (GP) and allows us to perform Bayesian inference on such signal conditional to a set of noisy mixture of measurements. We describe how to train GPMM, that is, to find the hyperparameters of the GP and the mixing weights, and how to perform inference on the latent signal under GPMM; additionally, we identify the solution to the underdetermined linear system resulting from a sensing application as a particular case of GPMM. The proposed model is validated in the recovery of three signals: a smooth synthetic signal, a real-world heart-rate time series and a step function, where GPMM outperformed the standard GP in terms of estimation error, uncertainty representation and recovery of the spectral content of the latent signal.Comment: Published on IEEE Signal Processing Letters on Dec. 201

A shorter proof of the Marker-Steinhorn Theorem

By analyzing o-minimal definable preorders we give a proof of the Marker-Steinhorn Theorem [MS94] that shortens the original proof.Comment: I have two family names: And\'ujar Guerrero. The BibTeX citation generated by arXiv outputs "And\'ujar" as a middle name. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2111.0380

Cardinality of definable families of sets in o-minimal structures

We prove that any definable family of subsets of a definable infinite set $A$ in an o-minimal structure has cardinality at most $|A|$. We derive some consequences in terms of counting definable types and existence of definable topological spaces.Comment: I have two surnames: And\'ujar Guerrero. ArXiV is unable to represent this and instead considers And\'ujar my middle name when generating citations et

Definable (ω,2)(\omega, 2)-theorem for families with VC-codensity less than 22

Let $\mathcal{S}$ be a family of sets with VC-codensity less than $2$. We prove that, if $\mathcal{S}$ has the $(\omega, 2)$-property (for any infinitely many sets in $\mathcal{S}$, at least $2$ among them intersect), then $\mathcal{S}$ can be partitioned into finitely many subfamilies, each with the finite intersection property. If $\mathcal{S}$ is definable in some first-order structure, then these subfamilies can be chosen definable too. This is a strengthening of the case $q=2$ of the definable $(p,q)$- conjecture in model theory and of the Alon-Kleitman-Matou\v{s}ek $(p,q)$-theorem in combinatorics

La razón velada: adivinación, vaticinio y presagio poético en Alexander Baumgarten

A mediados del siglo XVIII, A. Baumgarten estableció una «ciencia del conocimien- to sensible» o estética. Veinte años antes, en 1735, Baumgarten escribe Meditaciones filosóficas acerca de la poesía, donde propone una poética basada en el legado de g. W. Leibniz y ch. Wolff. no obstante su relevancia, la propuesta de Baumgarten no siempre es considerada para comprender la teoría del arte (o de lo ‘bello’, en general), que aparece como una vía menos relevante frente a la revolución kantiana de la estética asociada a la noción de juicio de gusto. En este estudio presentamos una entrada interpretativa a esta breve obra de Baumgarten sobre la poesía. El eje principal sigue las referencias clásicas que el pensador alemán articula en su obra, a través de autores fundamentales para la teoría del arte como son platón, Horacio y cicerón entre otros. Junto con este trabajo de referencias, profundizamos en el análisis de un pasaje en especial, en el que Baumgarten propone un razón poética del vaticinio y, a partir de esto, toda una pragmática del poema

An Ecosystem Called University

This book is dedicated to the university as a protagonist of change. Its purpose is to see the university as a place where the lines between organization and system are fluid, where the whole is more than the sum of its parts, and the product is knowledge as an end, a means and a way of developing the individual (critical sense) and its interaction with the environment (instrumental reason). The book seeks throughout to foster the image of the Ecosystem University as being a producer of novelty, where the only certainty is uncertainty. The university undergoes a process of permanent spiral growth - the spiral of knowledge without any control of causality - and creating, through its environment, responsible citizens, and free-thinking persons. The Ecosystem University is undeTTast that is assumed in the present. Our work to rediscover the natural feel of an ecosystem embedded in the university and the rich experience of community will take us by the hand and lead us, proud professors, to the purest origin of human knowledge with a flair of joie de vivre: the refreshing purity of the new and the authentic value of ingenuity that will allow us to be ourselves in that very moment: a community that self-organizes, builds projects of life and culture, and determines its own destiny

Coordination Models for Internet of Things

In constrained environments, there is a variety of devices like sensors and actuators with limited computation power or energy that form an Internet of Things (IoT) system. When processing complex tasks is required, those devices send the data to the cloud and obtain the result later. However, the IoT system could process complex task if more devices work together, sharing computational resources and cooperating. This cooperation can be achieved using a coordination model that distributes the load among the different devices based on a set of parameters, laws and defined entities. This research implements and evaluates a data-oriented coordination model with three variations for Internet of Things (IoT). It also presents, implements and evaluates a new process-oriented coordination model that can make constrained environments much more effective and allow the processing of more complex tasks closer to the network. The development of all the coordination models was focused on using the system’s computational resources effectively. As IoT is a heterogeneous field, devices with more power can process more complex tasks, creating an uneven but adequate load distribution. Various experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of each model using one and two workers. The results showed that every coordination model works effectively when distributing the load among more workers. For the process-oriented model, implementing some CoAP features allowed the system to perform better when repetitive tasks are required

Evolution of initial stage fluctuations in the glasma

We perform a calculation of the one- and two-point correlation functions of energy density and axial charge deposited in the glasma in the initial stage of a heavy ion collision at (mite proper time. We do this by describing the initial stage of heavy ion collisions in terms of freely evolving classical fields whose dynamics obey the linearized Yang-Mills equations. Our approach allows us to systematically resum the contributions of high momentum modes that would make a power series expansion in proper time divergent. We evaluate the field correlators in the McLerran-Venugopalan model using the glasma graph approximation, but our approach for the time dependence can be applied to a general four-point function of the initial color fields. Our results provide analytical insight into the preequilibrium phase of heavy ion collisions without requiring a numerical solution to the Yang-Mills equations.Peer reviewe