Weighted Neutrosophic Soft Sets

In this paper we study the concept of neutrosophic soft sets. Imposing some weights on the parameters considered we introduce here weighted neutrosophic soft sets. Some operations like union, intersection, complement, AND, OR etc. have been defined on this new concept. Some properties of these newly defined operations have also been verified

Experimental assessment of arsenic toxicity in garole sheep in India

Arsenic, a dangerous bio-accumulative poison, is a grave threat affecting a large number of people as well as animals throughout the World, particularly in Bangladesh and West Bengal, India. It is also a matter of concern as continuously entering into food chain through biotic and abiotic products. The present study was conducted to evaluate the experimental effect of arsenic toxicosis on Garole sheep of West Bengal. One group was subjected to oral arsenic exposure @ 6.6 mg Kg−1 over 133 days when rests considered as negative control. Periodical arsenic estimation in wool, urine and feces along with hemato-biochemical alteration were checked thoroughly. It was evident from the study that long term arsenic exposure exerted a significant (p < 0.01) alteration compared to normal animal which were further supported by clinical abnormalities. Exposed animals showed histological changes throughout major internal organs like coagulative necrosis of liver, tubular nephritis of kidney and acanthosis of skin etc. The bio-accumulative and excretion pattern of arsenic inside body were also well understood by the arsenic estimation study of wool, urine and feces which may be helpful for discussion regarding arsenic entry into food chain via animals

A turn-on green channel Zn sensor and the resulting zinc( ) complex as a red channel HPO ion sensor: a new approach

A turn-on green channel Zn2+ sensor and the resulting zinc(ii) complex as a red channel HPO42− ion sensor: a new approach

Prevalence of kdr mutations and insecticide susceptibility among natural population of Aedes aegypti in West Bengal.

BackgroundAedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti are the major vectors of arboviral diseases. As effective vaccines are not available for most of the arboviral diseases, vector control by using insecticides play the key role to reduce the disease transmission. The emergence and spread of resistance to different classes of insecticides by the vectors is a major obstacle to control the disease transmission. Information about vector susceptibility to different insecticides and their mechanisms are very important for formulating proper vector control measures. The present study was designed to assess the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti against three different classes of adulticides, one larvicidal agent available and polymorphisms in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene related to insecticide resistance.MethodsImmature stages of Ae. aegypti were collected from three dengue endemic municipal areas of West Bengal and reared in the laboratory. Larvae and adults (F1 progeny) were used for insecticide bioassay as per WHO protocols. Knock down resistance gene (kdr) mutations were assessed by direct sequencing of PCR products.ResultsThe Ae. aegypti population was found to be susceptible to type II pyrethroids and malathion but highly resistant to DDT. A high rate of polymorphisms in the VGSC gene was observed among the collected mosquitoes. A double mutant V1016G + F1534C was found to be associated with DDT resistance but neither V1016G nor F1534C alone showed the same association. Association between the kdr mutations and the susceptibility status of pyrethroids could not be established due to very small sample size. A low to moderate level of resistance was noticed against temephos among the larval population based on WHO criteria.ConclusionThe replacement of DDT by type II pyrethroids for the management of dengue vectors is an appropriate decision taken by the national program which is supported by the findings of a higher level of resistance to DDT. Persistence of polymorphisms in the VGSC gene might be an indication of emergence of resistance against pyrethroid insecticides that should be monitored at a regular interval. Attempts should be made to determine the effectiveness of other larvicides for replacement of temephos if needed in future. Along with the chemical insecticides different biological vector control methods as well as biopesticides should also be used in vector control programmes

Synthesis, crystal structure, redox behavior and DNA-binding properties of a series of copper(II) complexes with two new carboxamide derivatives

5siFour mononuclear copper(II) complexes of two new carboxamide derivatives formulated as [Cu(L1)2](ClO4)2 (1a), [Cu(L1)2](NO3)2 (1b), [Cu(L2)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2 (2a), and [Cu(L2)2(H2O)](NO3)2(2b) have been isolated in pure form from the reaction of L1 and L2 [where L1 = N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-2-pyridinecarboxamide and L2 = N-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-2-pyridinecarboxamide] with copper(II) salts of perchlorate and nitrate. All the complexes were characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopic tools along with single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The structural analyses showed that 1 is monomeric of square planar geometry with copper(II) chelated by two L1 ligands. Complex 2 differs in coordination geometry, being octahedral and distorted square pyramidal. Two L2 ligands occupy the equatorial positions of the octahedral 2a and the basal sites of the pyramidal 2b, with water molecules that complete the coordination sphere in each case. Electrochemical studies using cyclic voltammetry showed a reversible redox behavior of the copper(II) in 1 and 2. The electronic spectroscopic behavior and the trend of one electron equivalent redox potential corresponding to a CuII/CuI couple have also been confirmed by density functional theory calculations. The spectroscopic and viscosity measurement study in tris–HCl buffer suggested an intercalative interaction of 1a and 2 with calf thymus DNA likely due to the stacking between the non-coordinated furan and thiophene chromophore with the base pairs of DNA.nonenoneMondal, Biplab; Sen, Buddhadeb; Maji, Abhishek; Zangrando, Ennio; Chattopadhyay, PabitraMondal, Biplab; Sen, Buddhadeb; Maji, Abhishek; Zangrando, Ennio; Chattopadhyay, Pabitr

Polymorphisms in voltage-gated sodium channel gene and susceptibility of <i>Aedes albopictus</i> to insecticides in three districts of northern West Bengal, India - Fig 2

<p>Survival rate of <i>Aedes albopictus</i> against 4% DDT (A), 0.05% deltamethrin (B), 5% malathion (C) in West Bengal.</p