Overexpression of HSP27 and HSP70 is associated with decreased survival among patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND Overexpression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) is associated with several malignancies and contributes to the development, progression, and metastasis of cancer, in addition to the inhibition of cellular death. In recent years, there has been active research into using HSP inhibitors in several malignancies. Due to the poor prognosis of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), it would be valuable to find new biomarkers for the development of cancer treatments. AIM To evaluate the expressions of HSP27 and HSP70 and their effect on survival in EAC. METHODS Immunohislochemical analyses and evaluations of HSP27 and HSP70 expression were performed on all available samples from 93 patients diagnosed with EAC between 1990 and 2007 at two university hospitals. Fifteen cases with Barrett's metaplasia and 5 control cases from the same patient population were included in the analysis. HSP expression was quantitatively assessed and classified as high or low. Kaplan-Meier analyses and Cox regression models adjusting for age and sex as well as tumor site, stage, and grade were used to evaluate the effect on survival. RESULTS Tumor stage and surgical treatment were the main prognostic factors. High HSP27 expression in cancer cases was a strong negative predictive factor, with a mean survival of 23 mo compared to the 49 mo in cases with a low expression (P = 0.018). The results were similar for HSP70, with a poorer survival of 17 mo in cases with high HSP70 expression, in contrast to 40 mo (P = 0.006) in cases with a low expression. A Cox regression survival analysis was performed, adjusting for possible confounding factors, and higher HSP27 and HSP70 expressions remained an independent negative prognostic factor. The HSPs' correlation with survival was not affected by cancer treatments. When the analysis was adjusted for all factors, the odds ratios for HSP27 and HSP70 were 3.3 (CI: 1.6-6.6, P = 0.001) and 2.2 (CI: 1.2-3.9, P = 0.02), respectively. CONCLUSION HSP27 and HSP70 overexpression is associated with poor survival in EAC, which is, to the best of our knowledge, reported for the first time.Peer reviewe

Univaikeudet raskauden aikana - riskitekijä synnytyksen jälkeiselle masennukselle

In the general population, sleeping problems can precede an episode of depression. We hypothesized that sleeping problems during pregnancy, including insomnia symptoms, shortened sleep, and daytime tiredness, are related to maternal postnatal depressiveness. We conducted a prospective study evaluating sleep and depressive symptoms, both prenatally (around gestational week 32) and postnatally (around 3months after delivery) in the longitudinal CHILD-SLEEP birth cohort in Finland. Prenatally, 1667 women returned the questionnaire, of which 1398 women participated also at the postnatal follow-up. Sleep was measured with the Basic Nordic Sleep Questionnaire (BNSQ) and depressive symptoms with a 10-item version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Altogether, 10.3% of the women had postnatal depressiveness (CES-D 10 points). After adjusting for main background characteristics and prenatal depressiveness (CES-D 10), poor general sleep quality (AOR 1.87, 95% CI 1.21-2.88), tiredness during the day (AOR 2.19, 95% CI 1.41-3.38), short sleep 6 and 7h, sleep latency >20min, and sleep loss 2h were associated with postnatal depressiveness (all pPeer reviewe

Prenatal and Postnatal Predictive Factors for Children's Inattentive and Hyperactive Symptoms at 5 Years of Age: The Role of Early Family-Related Factors

We examined several parent-reported prenatal and postnatal factors as potential risk factors for attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptomatology in 5-year-old children. Our study is based on the CHILD-SLEEP birth cohort. Several parental questionnaires were collected prenatally (32nd pregnancy week) and postnatally (i.e. child aged 3, 8, and 24 months and at 5 years). At 5 years of age, ADHD symptoms were assessed using questionnaires. Our main results showed that being a boy, parental depressive symptoms, more negative family atmosphere or a child’s shorter sleep duration, and maternal authoritarian parenting style predicted inattentive/hyperactive symptoms. Maternal and paternal authoritative parenting style predicted less inattentive/hyperactive symptoms. Children with several risk factors together had the highest risk for inattentive/hyperactive symptoms. Our findings emphasise the need for early screening and treatment of parental mental health, and early evidence-based targeted parental support, to enable early intervention in those children at a risk of developing ADHD.Peer reviewe

Trajectories of mothers’ and fathers’ depressive symptoms from pregnancy to 24 months postpartum

ObjectivesThis study investigated trajectories of mothers’ and fathers’ depressive symptoms from prenatal to 24 months postpartum. Prenatal correlates of the trajectories were also examined. MethodsMothers (N=1,670) and fathers (N=1,604) from the Finnish CHILD-SLEEP birth cohort, reported depressive symptoms at 32nd pregnancy week and 3, 8, and 24 months postpartum using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D, 10-item). Profile analysis was used to group participants according to their longitudinal patterns of depressive symptoms. Prenatal predictors (sociodemographic, health, substance use, sleep, and stress related factors, family atmosphere) of depressive symptom trajectories as well as association between parents’ trajectories were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression. ResultsFor both mothers and fathers, a solution with three stable depressive symptom trajectories (low: 63.1% mothers and 74.9% fathers; moderate: 28.1% and 22.6%; high: 8.8% and 2.6%) was considered the best fitting and most informative. Insomnia, earlier depression, anxiousness, stressfulness, and poor family atmosphere predicted the moderate and high (compared to low) depressive symptom trajectories among both mothers and fathers in multivariate analyses. Mother's higher depressive symptom trajectory was significantly associated with father's higher symptom trajectory (p<0.001). LimitationsNumber of cases in the high depressive symptom trajectory group among fathers was low. ConclusionsMaternal and paternal depressive symptom trajectories from prenatal period up to two years postpartum seem stable, indicating the chronic nature of perinatal depressive symptoms. Mothers’ and fathers’ trajectories are associated with each other and their strongest predictors are common to both.Objectives This study investigated trajectories of mothers’ and fathers’ depressive symptoms from prenatal to 24 months postpartum. Prenatal correlates of the trajectories were also examined. Methods Mothers (N = 1670) and fathers (N = 1604) from the Finnish CHILD-SLEEP birth cohort, reported depressive symptoms at 32nd pregnancy week and 3, 8, and 24 months postpartum using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D, 10-item). Profile analysis was used to group participants according to their longitudinal patterns of depressive symptoms. Prenatal predictors (sociodemographic, health, substance use, sleep, and stress related factors, family atmosphere) of depressive symptom trajectories as well as association between parents’ trajectories were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression. Results For both mothers and fathers, a solution with three stable depressive symptom trajectories (low: 63.1% mothers and 74.9% fathers; moderate: 28.1% and 22.6%; high: 8.8% and 2.6%) was considered the best fitting and most informative. Insomnia, earlier depression, anxiousness, stressfulness, and poor family atmosphere predicted the moderate and high (compared to low) depressive symptom trajectories among both mothers and fathers in multivariate analyses. Mother's higher depressive symptom trajectory was significantly associated with father's higher symptom trajectory (p < 0.001). Limitations Number of cases in the high depressive symptom trajectory group among fathers was low. Conclusions Maternal and paternal depressive symptom trajectories from prenatal period up to two years postpartum seem stable, indicating the chronic nature of perinatal depressive symptoms. Mothers’ and fathers’ trajectories are associated with each other and their strongest predictors are common to both.Peer reviewe

Reduction of low- and high-grade cervical abnormalities associated with high uptake of the HPV bivalent vaccine in Scotland

In Scotland, a national HPV immunisation programme began in 2008 for 12-13 year olds, with a catch-up campaign from 2008-2011 for those under the age of 18. To monitor the impact of HPV immunisation on cervical disease at the population level, a programme of national surveillance was established.  We analysed colposcopy data from a cohort of women born between 1988-1992 who entered the Scottish Cervical Screening Programme (SCSP) and were aged 20-21 in 2008-2012.  By linking datasets from the SCSP and colposcopy services, we observed a significant reduction in diagnoses of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 (CIN 1) (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.87, p=0.0008), CIN 2 (RR 0.5, 95% CI 0.4, 0.63, p<0.0001) and CIN 3 (RR 0.45, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.58, p< 0.0001) for women who received 3 doses of vaccine compared with unvaccinated women.  To our knowledge, this is one of the first studies to show a reduction of low and high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia associated with high uptake of the HPV bivalent vaccine at the population level. These data are very encouraging for countries that have achieved high HPV vaccine uptake