COVID 19 E A CRISE DE PERFORMANCE CONTRATUAL NOS CONTRATOS INTERNACIONAIS REGIDOS PELA CONVENÇÃO DE VIENA SOBRE CONTRATOS DE COMPRA E VENDA INTERNACIONAL DE MERCADORIAS (CISG)

Objetivos: Através deste artigo analisaremos as implicações da pandemia do vírus COVID-19 nos contratos internacionais, impactando as cláusulas de performance segundo a CISG.Metodologia: A pesquisa foi realizada mediante uma abordagem indutiva, hipotética, entendimento de conceitos jurídicos e uma pesquisa bibliográfica/documental, com objetivo exploratório e conclusivo.Resultados: O estudo do assunto nos leva à algumas conclusões quanto ao não cumprimento total ou parcialmente dos contratos internacionais do comércio em razão das dificuldades impostas pela crise epidemiológica mundial da COVID-19.Contribuições: Trata-se de assunto de grande relevância e atual, em especial pelos impactos que estão acarretando nas economias dos diversos Países e na sociedade como um todo, se inserindo num estudo de interesse do Direito Internacional.Palavras-chave: COVID-19; Riscos nos Contratos Internacionais; CISG; Hardship.  ABSTRACTObjectives: This paper analyzes the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic in international commercial contracts and its impacts on the obligations performance within the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG).Methodology: The research was conducted through an inductive, hypothetical approach, based on an understanding of legal concepts and a bibliographic/documentary survey, with an exploratory and conclusive objective.Results: The study leads to some conclusions regarding the total or partial failure to perform contracts due to the COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences on international trades.Contributions: This is a topical matter of great relevance, given its impacts on the different countries’ economies and on the society as a whole, which falls within the field of interest of international law.Keywords: COVID-19; Risks in International Contracts; CISG; Hardships.

AUTORRESTRIÇÃO COMO POSIÇÃO DE DEFERÊNCIA À DIGNIDADE DA LEGISLAÇÃO E AO PRINCÍPIO MAJORITÁRIO: UM ESTUDO DE CASO SOBRE A LEI N. 13.303/16 (“LEI DAS ESTATAIS”)

O artigo demonstra, por meio de estudo de caso, a continua estratégia adotada por grupos minoritários, vencidos no jogo democrático da arena parlamentar, em buscar o Poder Judiciário para que se pronuncie em matérias que já foram deliberadas e votadas no Parlamento, opção que gera constante insegurança jurídica, bem como se mostra contrária à natural deferência que deveria existir entre os parlamentares em relação à direção adotada pela maioria de seu pares, contrariando, assim, o papel do Poder Legislativo como instituição natural e competente para a criação normativa. O trabalho usa-se do marco teórico da doutrina Jeremy Waldron e de Cass Sunstein para, mediante uma análise empírica a partir de caso específico, demonstrar que o ativismo judicial pode ser mitigado na medida em que o Poder Judiciário utilizar-se de autorrestrição em processos que sua atuação exógena não se mostra pertinente. Será colocado em relevo a Lei n. 13.303/16 (“Lei das Estatais”) que, após aprovação e sanção presidencial, foi objeto de Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade (ADI n. 7.331) por meio da qual, mediante a judicialização da política, a minoria vencida em votação tenta reverter a derrota criando novo fato político.

Anthropometric equations to estimate appendicular skeletal muscle mass from dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA): A scoping review

Scoping review to investigate what are the different anthropometry-based equations proposed for predicting appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) measured through dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The search for primary and secondary studies design will be carried out in the following databases: EMBASE, LILACS, MEDLINE, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science. In addition, the grey literature will be consulted using Google Scholar, medRxiv, and Research Square. The identified studies (without duplicates) will be imported into the Rayyan software and evaluated/selected based on previously established eligibility criteria through reading the title and abstract (phase 1), followed by reading the full text of the selected studies in phase 1 (phase 2). In order to identify other eligible studies, the lists of references cited by selected studies in the Phase 2 will be analyzed. The data of selected studies will be rigorously analyzed and collected through filling out a characterization table. All steps will be carried out by two independent and blinded reviewers, and in case of disagreements by a third reviewer. A qualitative (narrative) synthesis will be provided, describing the anthropometric predictive equations proposed in each study, according to the continent, country, age group, health condition (if proposed for a specific disease), and sex. A descriptive table will group all this information

Impact of hormonal modulation at proestrus on ovarian responses and uterine gene expression of suckled anestrous beef cows

Abstract Background This study evaluated the impact of hormonal modulation at the onset of proestrus on ovarian response and uterine gene expression of beef cows. Methods A total of 172 anestrous beef cows were assigned to one of four groups according to the treatment with estradiol cypionate (ECP) and/or equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) [CON (n = 43), ECP (n = 43), eCG (n = 44) and ECP + eCG (n = 42)]. Results ECP-treated cows (ECP and ECP + eCG groups) presented greater occurrence of estrus (44.6% vs. 65.4%; P = 0.01) and pregnancy per AI [47.1% vs. 33.3%; P = 0.07], but similar progesterone (P4) concentration at subsequent diestrus than cows not treated with ECP (CON and eCG groups). Nonetheless, eCG-treated cows (eCG and ECP + eCG groups) presented larger follicle at timed AI (12.6 ± 0.3 vs. 13.5 ± 0.3 mm; P = 0.03), greater ovulation rate (96.5% vs. 82.6%; P = 0.008) and greater P4 concentration at d 6 (3.9 ± 0.2 vs. 4.8 ± 0.2 ng/mL; P = 0.001) than cows not treated with eCG (CON and ECP groups). Next, cows with a new corpus luteum 6 d after TAI were submitted to uterine biopsy procedure. Uterine fragments [CON (n = 6), ECP (n = 6)] were analyzed by RNA-Seq and a total of 135 transcripts were differentially expressed between groups (73 genes up-regulated by ECP treatment). Subsequently, uterine samples were analyzed by qPCR (genes associated with cell proliferation). ECP treatment induced greater abundance of PTCH2 (P = 0.07) and COL4A1 (P = 0.02), whereas suppressed EGFR (P = 0.09) expression. Conversely, eCG treatment increased abundance of HB-EGF (P = 0.06), ESR2 (P = 0.09), and ITGB3 (P = 0.05), whereas it reduced transcription of ESR1 (P = 0.05). Collectively, supplementation with ECP or eCG at the onset of proestrous of anestrous beef cows influenced ovarian responses, global and specific endometrial gene expression. Conclusion Proestrus estradiol regulate the endometrial transcriptome, particularly stimulating proliferative activity in the endometrium

Association between classic and specific bioimpedance vector analysis and sarcopenia in older adults: a cross-sectional study

Background: To verify (1) the association between classic and specific bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) with body composition, hydration, and physical performance in older adults with and without sarcopenia; (2) which BIVA most accurately distinguishes sarcopenia. Methods: A sample of 94 older adults with and without sarcopenia (29 men and 65 women, 60–85 years) was evaluated. The classic and specific BIVA procedures, Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and deuterium dilution were performed. Sarcopenia was defined by muscle weakness and low skeletal muscle index, while severity was indicated by low physical performance. Results: The BIVA's potential to monitor hydration and muscle mass loss in older adults seems feasible. Classic and specific BIVA were able to distinguish sarcopenia in women (p < 0.001), but not in men. When the sarcopenia criteria were individually analyzed, both classic and specific BIVA were able to distinguish low skeletal muscle index in women, while only classic BIVA did for men. For the criterion of slow physical performance, only the classic BIVA showed severity differences for women. The vectors of adults without sarcopenia of both sexes tended to be positioned in the left region of the ellipses, revealing a predominance of soft tissues. Conclusions: Classic BIVA has a distinct sarcopenic association with body composition, hydration, and physical performance in older adults, while specific BIVA was similar between groups. Both BIVAs are sensible to detect female morphological changes (skeletal muscle index) but not for functional (handgrip, 6-min walk test) sarcopenia criteria. These procedures are promising tools for monitoring sarcopenia risks during aging.This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001. This study was supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq-Brazil) under Grant 142078/2019-0