ICAR: endoscopic skull‐base surgery

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International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis

Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document. Methods: ICAR‐RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence‐based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICAR‐RS‐2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence‐based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICAR‐RS‐2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS

Using Asynchronous Büchi Automata for Efficient Automatic Verification of Concurrent Systems

An Asynchronous Büchi Automaton is a collection of concurrently executing automata, able to perform operations that are shared between one or more of their concurrent components. These automata can be used to specify properties of distributed protocols. In this paper, an efficient method for verifying that a protocol satisfies its Asynchronous Büchi Automaton specification is presented. In order to alleviate a potential state space explosion while verifying a protocol, a state reduction technique is used. The construction results in a reduced state space that contains at least one representative sequence for each equivalence class of infinite sequences. This guarantees that the full state space contains an accepting execution if and only if the reduced state space contains one. This method can also be used to check for the emptyness of an Asynchronous Büchi Automaton. Thus, it can be used to check the validity of specification languages that can be translated into such automata, such a..