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Characterization, Imaging and Quantitation of Small Molecules by Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry

For more than a century mass spectrometry has been a well-known technique in the field of chemical analytics. Its selectivity and sensitivity has made it popular in various fields. From analysis of pure organics, its use is still being explored in the analysis of biomolecules, either purified or direct from tissue sections. For analyzing these vast arrays of molecules, typically the front end is modulated depending upon the need of the user. For direct analysis of a sample of interest, ionization techniques such as DESI, PS, MALDI, etc are incorporated into the front of the mass spectrometer. In this work, the ambient ionization techniques, DESI-MS and PS-MS was modulated for characterization, imaging and quantification of small molecules. The use of DESI-MS and PS-MS in the field of forensics, microbiology and pharmaceutics is described. With the optimization of the front end modes, better sensitivity, selectively and robustness was ensured

Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Potentials of Merremia hederacea (Burm.Fil) Leaves

Background and Aim: This study aimed to identify the existence of phytochemical compounds and evaluate the in-vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials of the leaves extract of Merremia hederacea which is commonly known as ivy woodrose. Materials and Methods: The antioxidant potency was measured using DPPH radical scavenging method and reducing power capacity followed by calculating phenol and flavonoid contents. To test the anti-inflammatory effect, the protein-denaturation method was applied. Results: Based on the DPPH scavenging activity, the IC50 value of the extract was determined to be 416.977. The amounts of phenolic content and flavonoids as well as the reducing power of this extract were found satisfactory. The extract remarkably hindered the denaturation of protein in the anti-inflammatory activity test with a maximum of 68.86% inhibition at 500 μg/mL concentration. Conclusion: The results indicate that M. hederacea leaves have favorable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potencies; hence, this plant can be an effective source of new potent drug

Techniques against Distinct Abiotic Stress of Rice

Plants cannot physically escape environmental stresses because they are sessile organisms, which can stunt their growth. As a result, plants have had to evolve distinct strategies to deal with abiotic stress. Indeed, responding to and eventually adapting to abiotic stress may be a driving force in speciation. Because of the complexity of stress, multiple sensors, rather than a single sensor, are more likely to be responsible for stress perception. Stress-induced gene issues can be divided into two categories: those involved in stress tolerance and those involved in signal transduction. Stress-tolerance genes help plants cope with stress in both short- and long-term responses. These can include the synthesis of chaperones and enzymes for osmolyte biosynthesis. And, as with cold stress, detoxification causes a change in the composition of membrane lipids. Gene products can also function as transcription regulators, controlling groups of stress-related genes, or as components in the production of regulatory molecules. It has been shown that multiple signaling pathways can be activated during stress, resulting in similar responses to different triggers

O n.º 9 do artigo 112.º da Constituição da República Portuguesa : transposição de directivas

Polis : Revista de Estudos Jurídico-Políticos. - ISSN 0872-8208. - N. 7-8 (1999). - p. 101-107

Performance Analysis of the Designed 1330nm VCSEL Using InGaAsP/InP

This research addresses the design and performance analysis of a 1330nm InGaAsP/InP VCSEL based on a model that accurately describes a multiple quantum well separate confinement heterostructure VCSEL. MATLAB is used as the simulation tool. ‘Material gain vs. photon energy’, ‘Material gain vs. Wavelength’ and ‘Power vs. wavelength’ characteristics are obtained from simulations. Threshold current and output power of the laser is calculated using different parameters. Obtained results correspond to a maximum resonance frequency of 12.312 GHz at 28 mA injection current, -162.3 dB/Hz RIN and a value of 104 dB of the VCSEL at 7 mA injection current

Observation of the Rare Decay of the η Meson to Four Muons

A search for the rare η→μ+μ−μ+μ− double-Dalitz decay is performed using a sample of proton-proton collisions, collected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC with high-rate muon triggers during 2017 and 2018 and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101  fb−1. A signal having a statistical significance well in excess of 5 standard deviations is observed. Using the η→μ+μ− decay as normalization, the branching fraction B(η→μ+μ−μ+μ−)=[5.0±0.8(stat)±0.7(syst)±0.7(B2μ)]×10−9 is measured, where the last term is the uncertainty in the normalization channel branching fraction. This work achieves an improved precision of over 5 orders of magnitude compared to previous results, leading to the first measurement of this branching fraction, which is found to agree with theoretical predictions

Search for new physics in multijet events with at least one photon and large missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV

A search for new physics in final states consisting of at least one photon, multiple jets, and large missing transverse momentum is presented, using proton-proton collision events at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb−1, recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC from 2016 to 2018. The events are divided into mutually exclusive bins characterized by the missing transverse momentum, the number of jets, the number of b-tagged jets, and jets consistent with the presence of hadronically decaying W, Z, or Higgs bosons. The observed data are found to be consistent with the prediction from standard model processes. The results are interpreted in the context of simplified models of pair production of supersymmetric particles via strong and electroweak interactions. Depending on the details of the signal models, gluinos and squarks of masses up to 2.35 and 1.43 TeV, respectively, and electroweakinos of masses up to 1.23 TeV are excluded at 95% confidence level

Measurements of inclusive and differential cross sections for the Higgs boson production and decay to four-leptons in proton-proton collisions at s \sqrt{s} = 13 TeV

Measurements of the inclusive and differential fiducial cross sections for the Higgs boson production in the H → ZZ → 4ℓ (ℓ = e, μ) decay channel are presented. The results are obtained from the analysis of proton-proton collision data recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb−1. The measured inclusive fiducial cross section is 2.73 ± 0.26 fb, in agreement with the standard model expectation of 2.86 ± 0.1 fb. Differential cross sections are measured as a function of several kinematic observables sensitive to the Higgs boson production and decay to four leptons. A set of double-differential measurements is also performed, yielding a comprehensive characterization of the four leptons final state. Constraints on the Higgs boson trilinear coupling and on the bottom and charm quark coupling modifiers are derived from its transverse momentum distribution. All results are consistent with theoretical predictions from the standard model