Traité d'hygiène publique et privée

par A. Prous

Rapport sur la vaccine / par M. le Dr A. Proust,... ; Ministère de l'Intérieur. Direction de l'assistance et de l'hygiène publiques. Bureau de l'hygiène publique. Comité consultatif d'hygiène publique de France

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Douze conférences d'hygiène : rédigées conformément au plan d'études du 12 août 1890 (Nouvelle édition, revue et corrigée) / par A. Proust,...

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Brain metastasis formation and irradiation by stereotactic radiation therapy combined with immunotherapy: A systematic review

International audienceIntroductionBrain metastasis (BM) is a complex process that implies immune cells and microglia. Stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT) and immunotherapy (IT) are established to increase the immune response; but their association has never been prospectively studied.Materials and methodsTwo reviewers performed a systematic review in original papers published up to September 2019. We analysed OS, local (mLRF) and regional (mBRF) median disease-free survival in patients with BMs after SRT with and without IT.ResultsUpon 14 studies, eleven concerned melanoma, three concerned lung cancers. SRT-IT showed better OS, mLRF and mBRF than SRT. mBRF was better if SRT was performed with short delay from IT. No higher rates of radionecrosis and haemorrhage were found among groups.ConclusionThis review suggests SRT combined to IT in melanoma is safe and could provide better BRF, suggesting a lymphocytic immune reaction in brain. No improvement trend was found in lung cancer BM

Self-Assembled Polyoxometalates Nanoparticles as Pickering Emulsion Stabilizers

We easily produced a series of polyoxometalate (POM) nanoparticles by taking benefit from electrostatic attractions between various POMsand alkylammonium cations. These self-assembled supramolecular nanoparticles are fully characterized in terms of shape, nanostructure, and physicochemical properties. The nanoparticle differences are discussed on the basis of the chemical composition of the initial POM. Moreover, such particles have the ability to stabilize water-in-oil Pickering emulsions. Using a gel-trapping technique coupled to atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations, we determined their affinity toward oil by the contact angle of adsorbed nanoparticles. We show that the emulsion droplet size and stability can be directly linked to the nanoparticle hydrophobicity, which is tuned by the charge localization and molecular packing of POMs with the ammonium cations. Such particles are of special interest as they open large possibilities for Pickering interfacial catalysis.Tensioactifs catalytiques pour la conception de milieux réactionnels oxydants polyphasiques microdispersés. Application aux microreacteurs

Key factors controlling the real exhaust emissions from earthwork machines

International audienceThis study focuses on the actual exhaust emissions of regulated and unregulated pollutantsfrom earthwork machines (EM). In addition to providing a realistic assessment of gaseousand particulate emissions from key EM and filling critical data gaps in emission inventories,it emphasizes the importance of breaking down the average operating emission factors intotask-related emission factors (TEF). The latter serve many goals, namely by: categorizingEM in relation to their emission dynamics, finding emission determinants and proposingon-site emission mitigation strategies. These have also led to a more refined analysis ofboth the effectiveness of EU and US emissions standards and the accuracy ofNONROAD2008 model. Ultimately, by using task-related emission factors in conjunctionwith data available from the literature and with the methodology developed by US-EPA,a lower bound was estimated for gaseous exhaust emissions from the major constructionvehicles operable at earthwork sites

Pickering Emulsion Stabilized by Catalytic Polyoxometalate Nanoparticles: A New Effective Medium for Oxidation Reactions

Decyl-, dodecyl-, and tetradecyltrimethylammonium cations were combined with the catalytic polyoxometalate [PW12O40]3- anion to give spherical and monodisperse nanoparticles that are able to stabilize emulsions in the presence of water and an aromatic solvent. This triphasic liquid/solid/liquid system, based on a catalytic surfactant, is particularly efficient as a reaction medium for epoxidation reactions that involve hydrogen peroxide. The reactions proceed at competitive rates with straightforward separation of the phases by centrifugation. Such catalytic "Pickering" emulsions combine the advantages of heterogeneous catalysis and biphasic catalysis without the drawbacks (e.g., catalyst leaching or separation time)