Studies on the interactions between potassium oxalato-oxodiperoxovanadate and histidine by NMR and MS

Multi-nuclear NMR and ESI-MS have been applied to study the interactions between oxalato-oxodiperoxovanadate and histidine in neutral solution. Coordination between the complex and histidine was monitored by V-51 NMR. A pair of new isomers produced via vanadium atom binding separately to N1 and N3 of the imidazole ring of histidine was characterized by several spectroscopic methods. Experimental results show that the structure activity relationship of peroxovanadium complexes bearing organic ligands may be related to the specific recognition between peroxovanadium and histidine residue of tyrosine phosphatase

A Tale of Three Signatures: practical attack of ECDSA with wNAF

One way of attacking ECDSA with wNAF implementation for the scalar multiplication is to perform a side-channel analysis to collect information, then use a lattice based method to recover the secret key. In this paper, we reinvestigate the construction of the lattice used in one of these methods, the Extended Hidden Number Problem (EHNP). We find the secret key with only 3 signatures, thus reaching the theoretical bound given by Fan, Wang and Cheng, whereas best previous methods required at least 4 signatures in practice. Our attack is more efficient than previous attacks, in particular compared to times reported by Fan et al. at CCS 2016 and for most cases, has better probability of success. To obtain such results, we perform a detailed analysis of the parameters used in the attack and introduce a preprocessing method which reduces by a factor up to 7 the overall time to recover the secret key for some parameters. We perform an error resilience analysis which has never been done before in the setup of EHNP. Our construction is still able to find the secret key with a small amount of erroneous traces, up to 2% of false digits, and 4% with a specific type of error. We also investigate Coppersmith's methods as a potential alternative to EHNP and explain why, to the best of our knowledge, EHNP goes beyond the limitations of Coppersmith's methods

Slide reduction, revisited—filling the gaps in svp approximation

We show how to generalize Gama and Nguyen's slide reduction algorithm [STOC '08] for solving the approximate Shortest Vector Problem over lattices (SVP). As a result, we show the fastest provably correct algorithm for $\delta$-approximate SVP for all approximation factors $n^{1/2+\varepsilon} \leq \delta \leq n^{O(1)}$. This is the range of approximation factors most relevant for cryptography

The Roles of Serum Selenium and Selenoproteins on Mercury Toxicity in Environmental and Occupational Exposure

Many studies have found that mercury (Hg) exposure is associated with selenium (Se) accumulation in vivo. However, human studies are limited. To study the interaction between Se and Hg, we investigated the total Se and Hg concentrations in body fluids and serum Se-containing proteins in individuals exposed to high concentrations of Hg. Our objective was to elucidate the possible roles of serum Se and selenoproteins in transporting and binding Hg in human populations. We collected data from 72 subjects: 35 had very low Hg exposure as evidenced by mean Hg concentrations of 0.91 and 1.25 ng/mL measured in serum and urine, respectively; 37 had high exposure (mean Hg concentrations of 38.5 and 86.8 ng/mL measured in serum and urine, respectively). An association between Se and Hg was found in urine (r = 0.625; p < 0.001) but not in serum. Hg exposure may affect Se concentrations and selenoprotein distribution in human serum. Expression of both selenoprotein P and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was greatly increased in Hg miners. These increases were accompanied by elevated Se concentrations in serum. In addition, selenoprotein P bound more Hg at higher Hg exposure concentrations. Biochemical observations revealed that both GSH-Px activity and malondialdehyde concentrations increased in serum of the Hg-exposed group. This study aids in the understanding of the interaction between Se and Hg. Selenoproteins play two important roles in protecting against Hg toxicity. First, they may bind more Hg through their highly reactive selenol group, and second, their antioxidative properties help eliminate the reactive oxygen species induced by Hg in vivo

Segmental correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis by all-screw fixation method in adolescents and young adults. minimum 5 years follow-up with SF-36 questionnaire

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In our institution, the fixation technique in treating idiopathic scoliosis was shifted from hybrid fixation to the all-screw method beginning in 2000. We conducted this study to assess the intermediate -term outcome of all-screw method in treating adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Forty-nine consecutive patients were retrospectively included with minimum of 5-year follow-up (mean, 6.1; range, 5.1-7.3 years). The average age of surgery was 18.5 ± 5.0 years. We assessed radiographic measurements at preoperative (Preop), postoperative (PO) and final follow-up (FFU) period. Curve correction rate, correction loss rate, complications, accuracy of pedicle screws and SF-36 scores were analyzed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The average major curve was corrected from 58.0 ± 13.0° Preop to 16.0 ± 9.0° PO(<it>p </it>< 0.0001), and increased to 18.4 ± 8.6°(<it>p </it>= 0.12) FFU. This revealed a 72.7% correction rate and a correction loss of 2.4° (3.92%). The thoracic kyphosis decreased little at FFU (22 ± 12° to 20 ± 6°, (<it>p </it>= 0.25)). Apical vertebral rotation decreased from 2.1 ± 0.8 PreOP to 0.8 ± 0.8 at FFU (Nash-Moe grading, <it>p </it>< 0.01). Among total 831 pedicle screws, 56 (6.7%) were found to be malpositioned. Compared with 2069 age-matched Taiwanese, SF-36 scores showed inferior result in 2 variables: physical function and role physical.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Follow-up more than 5 years, the authors suggest that all-screw method is an efficient and safe method.</p

Shortest vector from lattice sieving: A few dimensions for free

Asymptotically, the best known algorithms for solving the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP) in a lattice of dimension n are sieve algorithms, which have heuristic complexity estimates ranging from (4/3)n+o(n) down to (3/2)n/2+o(n) when Locality Sensitive Hashing techniques are used. Sieve algorithms are however outperformed by pruned enumeration algorithms in practice by several orders of magnitude, despite the larger super-exponential asymptotical complexity 2Θ(n log n) of the latter. In this work, we show a concrete improvement of sieve-type algorithms. Precisely, we show that a few calls to the sieve algorithm in lattices of dimension less than n - d solves SVP in dimension n, where d = Θ(n/ log n). Although our improvement is only sub-exponential, its practical effect in relevant dimensions is quite significant. We implemented it over a simple sieve algorithm with (4/3)n+o(n) complexity, and it outperforms the best sieve algorithms from the literature by a factor of 10 in dimensions 7080. It performs less than an order of magnitude slower than pruned enumeration in the same range. By design, this improvement can also be applied to most other variants of sieve algorithms, including LSH sieve algorithms and tuple-sieve algorithms. In this light, we may expect sieve-techniques to outperform pruned enumeration in practice in the near future

Spectroscopic characterization and properties of some bioactive peroxovanadium complexes in aqueous solution

Four bioactive peroxovanadium (pV) complexes-bpV(ox), bpV(bipy), bpV(phen). and bpV(pic), ([VO(O-2)(2)L](n-), where ligand L = oxalic acid dianion (ox), bipyridine(bipy), 1,10-phenanthroline(phen), and pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (pic), were synthesized,and characterized by V-51 NMR, H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, ESI-MS, IR and elemental analysis. All H-1 and C-13 peaks were,assigned by 2D H-1-H-1 peaks were assigned by 2D H-1-H-1 COSY, HMQC and HMBC. Their stereochemical structures in solution were discussed according to the NMR signals of organic ligands. The descending stability order of complexes in aqueous solution determined by V-51 NMR is bpV(phen), bpV(bipy) bpV (pic) and pV(ox). The predominant decomposition patterns of these complexes were proposed on the basis of electrospray ionization MS (ESI-MS) and V-51 NMR. This work will facilitate the studies of interactions between pV complexes and target biomolecules in solution so as:to clarify structure-function relationship of these:bioactive complexes

Composite Dirac Neutrinos

We present a mechanism that naturally produces light Dirac neutrinos. The basic idea is that the right-handed neutrinos are composite. Any realistic composite model must involve `hidden flavor' chiral symmetries. In general some of these symmetries may survive confinement, and in particular, one of them manifests itself at low energy as an exact $B-L$ symmetry. Dirac neutrinos are therefore produced. The neutrinos are naturally light due to compositeness. In general, sterile states are present in the model, some of them can naturally be warm dark matter candidates.Comment: 12 pages; Sec. IIC updated; minor corrections; published versio

Higgs and Dark Matter Hints of an Oasis in the Desert

Recent LHC results suggest a standard model (SM)-like Higgs boson in the vicinity of 125 GeV with no clear indications yet of physics beyond the SM. At the same time, the SM is incomplete, since additional dynamics are required to accommodate cosmological dark matter (DM). In this paper we show that interactions between weak scale DM and the Higgs which are strong enough to yield a thermal relic abundance consistent with observation can easily destabilize the electroweak vacuum or drive the theory into a non-perturbative regime at a low scale. As a consequence, new physics--beyond the DM itself--must enter at a cutoff well below the Planck scale and in some cases as low as O(10 - 1000 TeV), a range relevant to indirect probes of flavor and CP violation. In addition, this cutoff is correlated with the DM mass and scattering cross-section in a parameter space which will be probed experimentally in the near term. Specifically, we consider the SM plus additional spin 0 or 1/2 states with singlet, triplet, or doublet electroweak quantum numbers and quartic or Yukawa couplings to the Higgs boson. We derive explicit expressions for the full two-loop RGEs and one-loop threshold corrections for these theories.Comment: 29 pages, 13 figure

Studies on the interactions between bioactive peroxovanadium complexes bearing organic ligands and histidine

In order to explore the structure-activity relationship and molecular mechanism of the specific recognition between peroxovanadium. (pV) complexes bearing organic ligands and the target enzymes of tyrosine phosphatase, several NMR techniques and ESI-MS were used to study the interactions of four pV complexes {pV(ox), pV(bipy), pV(phen) and pV(pic), where pV=[VO(O-2)(2)L](n-), in which L=oxalic acid dianion (ox), bipyridine (bipy), 1, 10-phenanthroline (phen), and pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (pic)} towards histidine, Strong coordination interactions between imidazole of histidine and vanadium of pV(ox) or pV(pic) were observed in neutral solution, while there are not obvious interactions between histidine and pV(bipy) or pV (phen). All C-13 and H-1 NMR signals of 1:1 stoichiometric mixture of pV (ox) and histidine were assigned. Spectroscopic studies demonstrated that new complexes in the mixture of pV (ox) and histidine are a pair of isomers in which the vanadium in pV(ox) binding to the 3-N and 1-N of the imidazole ring. Moreover, the results of effective factors on the interaction system indicated that the new isomers were stable under the condition of physiological pH and the structure-activity relationship of these pV complexes may be relevant to their specific recognition towards histidine residues in tyrosine phosphatase