Using in situ sensor-based monitoring to study impacts of climate change on river water quality and element fluxes

Prosjektleder: Øyvind KasteThe report contains an analysis of high-frequency sensor data from two rivers included in the Norwegian River Monitoring Programme; Storelva in southern Norway and Målselva in northern Norway. The main aim of the report is to combine in situ sensor-based monitoring data with climate, hydrology and water chemistry data to study impacts of climate change on river water quality and element fluxes. The report also highlights challenges, opportunities and the strong potential for sensor-based monitoring to yield new knowledge related to climate change impacts on river water quality.Norwegian Environment AgencypublishedVersio

The Norwegian river monitoring programme 2021 – water quality status and trends

Prosjektleder Øyvind KasteIn the Norwegian River Monitoring Programme (in Norwegian: Elveovervåkingsprogrammet) 20 rivers along the Norwegian coast are monitored for physical and chemical parameters. This report presents the current status (2021) and long-term (19902021) trends in suspended particles, organic matter, nutrients, and metals. EU Water Framework Directive priority substances and river basin-specific pollutants (trace metals and organic pollutants) from five rivers are compared with annual average environmental quality standards (AA-EQS). The report also presents light absorbance indices for characterisation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) quality in the rivers, and high-frequency measurements of water temperature, pH, conductivity, turbidity and fluorescent DOM (fDOM) in two rivers; Storelva (southern Norway) and Målselva (northern Norway).Norwegian Environment AgencypublishedVersio

Imaging biomarker roadmap for cancer studies.

Imaging biomarkers (IBs) are integral to the routine management of patients with cancer. IBs used daily in oncology include clinical TNM stage, objective response and left ventricular ejection fraction. Other CT, MRI, PET and ultrasonography biomarkers are used extensively in cancer research and drug development. New IBs need to be established either as useful tools for testing research hypotheses in clinical trials and research studies, or as clinical decision-making tools for use in healthcare, by crossing 'translational gaps' through validation and qualification. Important differences exist between IBs and biospecimen-derived biomarkers and, therefore, the development of IBs requires a tailored 'roadmap'. Recognizing this need, Cancer Research UK (CRUK) and the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) assembled experts to review, debate and summarize the challenges of IB validation and qualification. This consensus group has produced 14 key recommendations for accelerating the clinical translation of IBs, which highlight the role of parallel (rather than sequential) tracks of technical (assay) validation, biological/clinical validation and assessment of cost-effectiveness; the need for IB standardization and accreditation systems; the need to continually revisit IB precision; an alternative framework for biological/clinical validation of IBs; and the essential requirements for multicentre studies to qualify IBs for clinical use.Development of this roadmap received support from Cancer Research UK and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (grant references A/15267, A/16463, A/16464, A/16465, A/16466 and A/18097), the EORTC Cancer Research Fund, and the Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking (grant agreement number 115151), resources of which are composed of financial contribution from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) and European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA) companies' in kind contribution

The Norwegian river monitoring programme 2020 – water quality status and trends

Revidert versjon av rapport 7675-2021In the Norwegian River Monitoring Programme (in Norwegian: Elveovervåkingsprogrammet) 20 rivers along the Norwegian coastline are monitored for chemical and hydrological parameters. It is a continuation of the RID programme (Riverine inputs and direct discharges to Norwegian coastal waters) that started in 1990. This report presents the current status (2020) and long-term (1990-2020) water quality trends.publishedVersio

The Norwegian river monitoring programme 2020 – water quality status and trends

In the Norwegian River Monitoring Programme (in Norwegian: Elveovervåkingsprogrammet) 20 rivers along the Norwegian coastline are monitored for chemical and hydrological parameters. It is a continuation of the RID programme (Riverine inputs and direct discharges to Norwegian coastal waters) that started in 1990. This report presents the current status (2020) and long-term (1990-2020) water quality trends

The Norwegian river monitoring programme 2021 – water quality status and trends

Source at https://www.niva.no/.In the Norwegian River Monitoring Programme (in Norwegian: Elveovervåkingsprogrammet) 20 rivers along the Norwegian coast are monitored for physical and chemical parameters. This report presents the current status (2021) and long-term (19902021) trends in suspended particles, organic matter, nutrients, and metals. EU Water Framework Directive priority substances and river basin-specific pollutants (trace metals and organic pollutants) from five rivers are compared with annual average environmental quality standards (AA-EQS). The report also presents light absorbance indices for characterisation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) quality in the rivers, and high-frequency measurements of water temperature, pH, conductivity, turbidity and fluorescent DOM (fDOM) in two rivers; Storelva (southern Norway) and Målselva (northern Norway)

Converging and emerging threats to health security

Advances in biological sciences have outpaced regulatory and legal frameworks for biosecurity. Simultaneously, there has been a convergence of scientific disciplines such as synthetic biology, data science, advanced computing and many other technologies, which all have applications in health. For example, advances in cybercrime methods have created ransomware attacks on hospitals, which can cripple health systems and threaten human life. New kinds of biological weapons which fall outside of traditional Cold War era thinking can be created synthetically using genetic code. These convergent trajectories are dramatically expanding the repertoire of methods which can be used for benefit or harm. We describe a new risk landscape for which there are few precedents, and where regulation and mitigation are a challenge. Rapidly evolving patterns of technology convergence and proliferation of dual-use risks expose inadequate societal preparedness. We outline examples in the areas of biological weapons, antimicrobial resistance, laboratory security and cybersecurity in health care. New challenges in health security such as precision harm in medicine can no longer be addressed within the isolated vertical silo of health, but require cross-disciplinary solutions from other fields. Nor can they cannot be managed effectively by individual countries. We outline the case for new cross-disciplinary approaches in risk analysis to an altered risk landscape