Software livre para implementação de repositórios digitais e provedores de serviços: experiência da Embrapa Informática Agropecuária.

O trabalho apresenta a experiência técnica da Embrapa Informática Agropecuária (CNPTIA), instituição de pesquisa em tecnologia da informação para agricultura, no contexto de software livre para implementação de repositórios digitais e provedores de serviços. Mais especificamente, serão relatados os estudos e as soluções de software livre escolhidas para viabilizar a inserção da Embrapa no modelo alternativo de comunicação científica denominado Acesso Aberto (Open Access Initiative) [1], que visa promover o acesso livre e irrestrito à produção científica desenvolvida pelos pesquisadores e instituições, e que tem na implantação de repositórios digitais, sejam eles institucionais ou temáticos, uma de suas estratégias principais.JAIIO - JSL 2010

Emprego do pó de rocha MB-4 sobre a produção do coentro.

O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o emprego do MB-4 sobre a produção do coentro

Climatology of easterly wave disturbances over the tropical South Atlantic

A 21-yr climatology of Easterly Waves Disturbances (EWDs) over the Tropical South Atlantic (TSA) has been examined using data from the European Centers for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) interim reanalysis (ERAI) and satellite data. This includes the frequency distribution of EWDs and their interannual variability. The large-scale environment associated with EWDs has been investigated for the coastal region of Northeast Brazil (NEB) for the rainy (April-August) season using a composite analysis. To better understand the life cycle of EWDs, an automated tracking scheme has been used to track vorticity centers associated with the EWDs in the ERAI data. EWDs were first identified in ERAI, resulting in 518 observed cases. These were found to show notable interannual variability with around 16-40 episodes by year and with average lifetime of 4-6 days. Of the identified EWDs, 97% reached the coast of NEB, of which 64% were convective in nature and 14% moved across the NEB region and reached the Amazon. The annual occurrence of EWDs seems to be lower (higher) during El Niño (La Niña). The monthly occurrence of EWDs shows higher activity in the rainy season. EWDs originate in association with five types of system: cold fronts, convective clusters from the west coast of Africa, Intertropical Convergence Zone and Tropical Upper Tropospheric Cyclonic Vortices. The composite analysis presents strong relative vorticity (RV) and divergence anomalies at low levels, as well as in the vertical profiles of relative humidity and vertical velocity (omega). The precipitation composites show that the EWDs propagate between the TSA and NEB and contribute at least 60% of the total rainfall over the east coast of NEB throughout the rainy season

Influência da adição de soro de queijo minas frescal de cabra na aceitação de bebidas lácteas sabor chocolate preparadas com leite de cabra.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a aceitação de bebidas lácteas sabor chocolate preparadas com leite de cabra e soro de queijo minas frescal caprino, visando o aproveitamento do soro proveniente da produção de queijos. Pode-se concluir que as variações de percentual de soro de queijo das bebidas lácteas sabor chocolate avaliadas não são percebidas pelo consumidor, levando em conta os aspectos sensoriais estudados. A bebida que recebeu o maior percentual de soro (tratamento A) foi a melhor avaliada sensorialmente e com relação à intenção de compra, mostrando que a estratégia de aproveitamento do soro de queijos caprinos na fabricação de bebidas lácteas é eficiente

1H NMR chemical profile and antioxidant activity of Eugenia punicifolia extracts over seasons: a metabolomic pilot study.

Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC. is a medicinal plant used to treat diseases related to oxidative processes. In this work, H-1 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and multivariate analysis have been employed to track the chemical changes and antioxidant activity of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) extracts from E. punicifolia leaves over seasons. Principal component analysis (PCA) applied to H-1 NMR allowed discriminating DMSO extracts from leaves collected in the dry and rainy seasons and pointed out sucrose, catechin, and epicatechin as responsible for separating dry season samples and quercetin, acid gallic, glucose, and fatty acids contributed for rainy samples grouping. Notably, antioxidant assays revealed that dry season extracts exhibited a higher radical scavenging capacity. When those compounds were submitted to partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) only sucrose and fatty acids presented variable importance projection (VIP) score > 1, both metabolites are related somehow to the defense mechanisms of the plant. This pilot study may suggest new experimental approaches for more effectively monitoring the spectrum-effect relationship of E. punicifolia leaf extracts

Enzymatic production of ethyl oleate ester using a lipase from Candida antarctica B

Lipases são biocatalisadores de grande importância em diferentes áreas, sendo capazes de catalisar reações em meios aquosos ou orgânicos. Além disso, estas enzimas são capazes de utilizar vários substratos sendo estáveis numa vasta gama de pH e temperatura. Lipases promovem a esterificação entre ácidos graxos e etanol produzindo ésteres oleatos. O objetivo deste trabalho é produzir o éster oleato de etila por esterificação enzimática do ácido oleico com etanol. Uma lipase de Candida antarctica tipo B foi utilizada a uma temperatura de 55 °C. A reação foi realizada utilizando o ácido oleico, sulfato de sódio anidro, lipase e etanol, na proporção de ácido oleico (0.03 mol ou 10 ml), lipase (0.1 mol ou 0.01 g), sulfato de sódio anidro (5 g) e etanol 99 % (100 ml). Diversos tempos de reação foram estudados, nomeadamente, 48, 72, 96 e 120 horas. Ressonância Magnética Nuclear (1 H e 13C) e espectros de Infravermelho confirmaram a produção do éster oleato de etila para as condições estudadas. O maior rendimento da produção do oleato de etila foi obtido no tempo de reação de 96 horas. Os ésteres oleato de etila foram reportados por possuirem aplicações interessantes em vários campos industriais, tais como, alimentos, produtos aromáticos, cosméticos, detergentes, saborizantes e produtos farmacêuticos.Lipases are biocatalysts of great importance in different areas, being able to catalyze reactions in aqueous or organic media. Furthermore, these enzymes are capable of using several substrates being stable in a wide range of pH and temperatures. Lipases promote the esterification between fatty acids and ethanol producing oleate esters. The aim of this work is to produce ethyl oleate ester by enzymatic esterification of oleic acid with ethanol. A lipase from Candida antarctica type B was used at a temperature of 55 °C. The reaction was conducted using oleic acid, sodium sulfate anhydrous, lipase and ethanol, with a ratio of oleic acid (0.03 mol or 10 ml), lipase (0.1 mol or 0.01 g), sodium sulfate anhydrous (5 g) and ethanol 99 % (100 ml). Several reaction times were studied, namely 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1 H and 13C) and Infrared spectra confirmed the production of ethyl oleate ester for the studied conditions. The highest ethyl oleate production yield was obtained for 96 hours reaction time. Ethyl oleate esters have been reported to possess interesting applications in several industrial fields, such as food, aromatics, cosmetics, detergents, flavors and pharmaceuticals

Yacon syrup: food applications and impact on satiety in healthy volunteers.

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Investigation in SrTi'O IND.3'-CaTi'O IND.3'-PbTi'O IND.3' ternary thin films by dielectric proprieties and Raman spectroscopy

Dielectric and Raman scattering experiments were performed on polycrystalline Pb1−x−yCaxSryTiO3 thin films as a function of temperature. Temperature-dependent dielectric measurements revealed a decreasing ferroelectric-to-paraelectric phase transition temperature and peak dielectric permittivity showed a broad phase transition near room temperature with increasing levels of CaO12 and SrO12 clusters. Therefore, for higher levels of substitution, the possible random position of the CaO12 and SrO12 clusters leads to a diffuse state. At 100 kHz, the ferroelectric-to-paraelectric phase transition temperatures were 633, 495 and 206 K for PCST90 (Pb0.90Ca0.05Sr0.05TiO3), PCST70 (Pb0.70Ca0.15Sr0.15TiO3) and PCST30 (Pb0.30Ca0.35Sr0.35TiO3) thin films, respectively. The evolution of the Raman spectra was also studied as a function of temperature. The temperature dependence of the E(1TO) soft mode frequencies was used to characterize the phase transition. Raman peaks were observed above the ferroelectric-to-paraelectric phase transition temperature, although all optical modes should be inactive in Raman scattering. The origin of these modes was interpreted as a breakdown of the local cubic symmetry by the random distribution of CaO12 and SrO12 clusters.CNPqCAPESFAPESP/CEPID (06/53926-4)FAPESP/CEPID (08/53515-7)FAPESP/CEPID (06/51640-6

Large-Scale Atomistic Simulations of Environmental Effects on the Formation and Properties of Molecular Junctions

Using an updated simulation tool, we examine molecular junctions comprised of benzene-1,4-dithiolate bonded between gold nanotips, focusing on the importance of environmental factors and inter-electrode distance on the formation and structure of bridged molecules. We investigate the complex relationship between monolayer density and tip separation, finding that the formation of multi-molecule junctions is favored at low monolayer density, while single-molecule junctions are favored at high density. We demonstrate that tip geometry and monolayer interactions, two factors that are often neglected in simulation, affect the bonding geometry and tilt angle of bridged molecules. We further show that the structures of bridged molecules at 298 and 77 K are similar.Comment: To appear in ACS Nano, 30 pages, 5 figure