Conhecimentos e atitudes de mulheres varredoras de rua sobre o cuidado ginecológico

Estudio cualitativo realizado en enero 2010. Fue utilizado la entrevista abierta en 19 mujeres barrenderas de calle. Lo objetivo es identificar el conocimiento de ellas sobre su cuerpo y como se cuidan en relación a las alteraciones ginecológicas. En la organización de las informaciones emergieron las unidades de significación: conocimiento de las mujeres sobre el cuerpo; conocimiento sobre corrimiento vaginal; como las mujeres cuidan del corrimiento; el corrimiento interfiriendo en el trabajo. el análisis comprensiva mostró que las mujeres desconocen o tienen poco conocimiento sobre su genitalia y como no se cuidan, esto interfiere en el su trabajo. El enfermero tiene un amplio campo de acción como educador en la prevención e en la conducta terapéutica de las alteraciones ginecológicas, para proporcionar mejor calidad de vida. La interacción profesional/cliente durante la consulta es una excelente oportunidad para crear lazos de confianza y caminar en la construcción del conocimiento sobre salud.Nesta pesquisa de natureza qualitativa utilizou-se a entrevista aberta com 19 mulheres varredoras de rua, em janeiro de 2010, com o objetivo de identificar seu conhecimento sobre o corpo e como se cuidam em relação às alterações ginecológicas. Na organização das informações emergiram as unidades de significação: conhecimento das mulheres sobre o corpo; conhecimento da mulher sobre corrimento vaginal; como as mulheres cuidam do corrimento vaginal; e o corrimento interferindo no processo de trabalho. A análise compreensiva desvelou que desconhecem ou têm pouco conhecimento sobre a genitália e, como não se cuidam, isto interfere em suas atividades laborativas. O enfermeiro possui amplo campo de ação, como educador, na prevenção e na conduta terapêutica das alterações ginecológicas, com vistas a propiciar melhor qualidade de vida. Neste sentido, a interação profissional/cliente, durante a consulta ginecológica, é excelente oportunidade para criar laços de confiança e caminhar na construção do conhecimento sobre saúde

Plasticity in the diet of Astyanax taeniatus in a coastal stream from south-east Brazil

In this work we aimed to characterise the diet of Astyanax taeniatus (Jenyns 1842) (Characiformes, Characidae) along the Mato Grosso stream and we hypothesised that the diet of this species would vary according to spatial, seasonal and ontogenetic differences. Specimens were collected every second month at three sites with different physical attributes. The feeding habits of 651 specimens were analysed using the Alimentary Index (IAi). Analysis of the diet showed an effect of spatial, temporal and ontogenetic factors. Vegetal allochthonous items were more important in the diet of Astyanax taeniatus in upstream sites while animal autochthonous items were more important downstream. Ontogenetic differences in the diet were significant only in upstream sites, where adults consumed a greater amount of vegetal matter than juveniles. These results reinforce the idea that Astyanax species are opportunistic and show trophic plasticity

Review: Bucephalus minimus, a deleterious trematode parasite of cockles Cerastoderma spp.

Trematodes are the most prevalent and abundant macroparasites in coastal waters. They display a complex life cycle with alternation of free-living and parasitic stages generally involving three host species. The most deleterious stage is in the first intermediate host (a mollusc) where the parasite penetrates as miracidium larvae and asexually multiplicates in sporocysts/rediae to provide cercariae larvae. However, due to basic low prevalence in ecosystems, this system remains difficult to study. Taking the example of the cockle (Cerastoderma edule), an exploited bivalve along North-Eastern Atlantic coasts, and Bucephalus minimus, its most prevalent parasite as first intermediate host, we summarised the 51 most relevant papers (1887-2015). Besides, a 16-year monthly monitoring was performed at Banc d'Arguin (Atlantic coast of France), and allowed to obtain a sufficient number of infected cockles (276 out of 5,420 individuals) in order to provide new information concerning this parasite/host system. Sporocysts (diameter 80-500 μm) and developing cercariae (length 300-500 μm) are not visible before cockle reaches 16-mm shell length and then prevalence increases with host size. Seasonality of infection was not observed but variation of prevalence was significant among years and negatively correlated to the temperature of the former year, which could correspond to the period of infection by miracidium. Seven other species of trematode were identified in cockles as second intermediate host. For six of them, metacercariae abundance per individual was 2 to 12 folds higher in B. minimus-infected cockles, exacerbating the potential negative impact on host. From the parasite point of view, metacercariae can be considered as hitchhikers, taking advantage of the abnormal migration of B. minimus-infected cockles to the sediment surface where they become more vulnerable to predators that are also the final hosts of many of these parasites