The comparative feeding value of Lindsey 77, alfalfa, and corn silage for finishing beef heifers

Data collected on 120 Angus heifers at the Middle Tennessee Experiment Station, Spring Hill, Tennessee, were used to determine the comparative value of hybrid-grass (Lindsey 77), alfalfa and corn silage for finishing beef heifers for slaughter. The heifers were fed a ration of either Lindsey 77, alfalfa or corn silage ad lib, plus limited concentrates for 119 days in Trial I, conducted during the winter of 1966-67, and for 56 days in Trial II conducted during the summer of 1967. The heifers in Trial I were changed to a full-feed of concentrates plus a limited amount of the same silage fed during the previous phase for an additional 50 days. In Trial II, the heifers were changed to a full-feed of concentrates plus limited corn silage for 47 days following the 56-day period of corn silage full-fed. Average daily gains in Trial I were 1.35, 1.60 and 1.73 pounds per head per day during the silage phase and 1.51, 1.50 and 1.58 during the full-feed phase for heifers fed Lindsey 77, alfalfa and corn silage, respectively. In Trial II, average daily gains of the heifers fed Lindsey 77, alfalfa and corn silage were 1.53, 2.07 and 1.67 pounds per head per day during the silage phase and 2.25, 2.20 and 2.15 pounds per head per day during the full-feed period. Heifers fed corn silage gained significantly faster (P \u3c ,05) than those fed alfalfa or Lindsey 77 silage during the winter trial. However, during the summer trial, heifers fed alfalfa silage gained significantly (P \u3c .05) faster than those fed the other two silages. Feed costs per hundred pounds of gain for heifers fed Lindsey 77, alfalfa and corn silage during Trial I were $27.40,$24.82 and $23.62, respectively, and$21.88, $19.61 and$21.81, respectively, during Trial II. Average return per head above feed and initial cost was highest from heifers fed corn silage in Trial I and highest from heifers fed alfalfa silage in Trial II. These data indicated that these silages, when fed with a limited amount of concentrates followed by a short full-feed period, could be used profitably for finishing beef heifers. The season of year (winter or summer) may affect the results obtained from corn silage. This could be a result of severe heating and spoilage of corn silage in the feed bunk, which was observed during the summer feeding trial. The lower rate of gain and higher feed requirement per unit of gain of heifer fed Lindsey 77 silage in both trials indicated that this type of silage was less desirable as a component of a finishing ration for beef heifers than either alfalfa or corn silage

Multiple-scattering Modelling of Scattering by Biological Cells

Past work on scattering by biological cells has been restricted to unrealistic oversimplified models of cells, or uses slow methods unsuited for calculations involving large numbers of cells or varying illumination. We consider the systematic use of fast, accurate methods for modelling light scattering in realistic complex biological cells. This will allow, for example, the study of light scattering by realistic ensembles of cells, which is immediately applicable to optical cancer detection, and remote sensing of microorganisms. It will also be possible to study light scattering by cells under constantly varying illumination, such as encountered in applications like flow cytometry

Elastic Scattering of Medium-Energy Protons

This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grant PHY 75-00289 and Indiana Universit

Application of ERTS-1 imagery to state wide land information system in Minnesota

There are no author-identified significant results in this report

Possible ΔΔ\Delta\Delta dibaryons in the quark cluster model

In the framework of RGM, the binding energy of one channel $\Delta\Delta_{(3,0)}$($d^*$) and $\Delta\Delta_{(0,3)}$ are studied in the chiral SU(3) quark cluster model. It is shown that the binding energies of the systems are a few tens of MeV. The behavior of the chiral field is also investigated by comparing the results with those in the SU(2) and the extended SU(2) chiral quark models. It is found that the symmetry property of the $\Delta\Delta$ system makes the contribution of the relative kinetic energy operator between two clusters attractive. This is very beneficial for forming the bound dibaryon. Meanwhile the chiral-quark field coupling also plays a very important role on binding. The S-wave phase shifts and the corresponding scattering lengths of the systems are also given.Comment: LeTex with 2 ps figure

Weak decays of 4He-Lambda

We measured the lifetime and the mesonic and non-mesonic decay rates of the 4He-Lambda hypernucleus. The hypernuclei were created using a 750 MeV/c momentum K- beam on a liquid 4He target by the reaction 4He(K-,pi-)4He-Lambda. The 4He-Lambda lifetime was directly measured using protons from Lambda p -> n p non-mesonic decay (also referred to as proton-stimulated decay) and was found to have a value of tau = 245 +/- 24 ps. The mesonic decay rates were determined from the observed numbers of pi-'s and pi0's as Gamma_pi-/Gamma_tot = 0.270 +/- 0.024 and Gamma_pi0/Gamma_tot = 0.564 +/- 0.036, respectively, and the values of the proton- and neutron-stimulated decay rates were extracted as Gamma_p/Gamma_tot = 0.169 +/- 0.019 and Gamma_n/Gamma_tot <= 0.032 (95% CL), respectively. The effects of final-state interactions and possible 3-body Lambda N N decay contributions were studied in the context of a simple model of nucleon-stimulated decay. Nucleon-nucleon coincidence events were observed and were used in the determination of the non-mesonic branching fractions. The implications of the results of this analysis were considered for the empirical Delta I = 1/2 rule and the decay rates of the 4H-Lambda hypernucleus.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures, published in PRC, revised content to match published versio

Isospin Mixing in the 1+ Doublet in 12-C

This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grant PHY 75-00289 and Indiana Universit

Mechanisms of Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera) invasion and their management implications – A review

Ecosystems are under increasing stress from environmental change, including invasion by non-native species that can disrupt ecological processes and functions. Chinese tallow [Triadica sebifera (L.) Small] is a highly invasive tree species in southeastern US forests, prairies, and wetlands, and effectively managing this invasive species is a significant challenge for scientists and land managers. In this review, we synthesize the literature on invasion ecology and management of Chinese tallow. Our review suggests that the invaded range of Chinese tallow is currently limited by dispersal in many areas and by low temperatures and low soil moisture, and by high soil salinity and frequent flooding in others, but these barriers may be overcome by increased dispersal, phenotypic plasticity, and/or rapid evolution. Invasions by Chinese tallow are facilitated by both the invasiveness of the species and the invasibility of the recipient communities. Invasiveness of Chinese tallow has been attributed to fast growth, high fecundity, a persistent seed bank, aggressive resprouting, abiotic stress tolerance, and the ability to transform fire maintained ecosystems. Some of these traits may be enhanced in invasive populations. Anthropogenic and natural disturbances, lack of herbivore pressure, and facilitation by soil microbes enhance the intensity of Chinese tallow invasions. Biological control of Chinese tallow is being developed. Treatments such as herbicides, prescribed fire, and mechanical control can effectively control Chinese tallow at the local scale. A combination of these treatments improves results. However, a proactive management approach would simultaneously achieve invasion control and promote subsequent ecological restoration, especially in the context of legacy effects, secondary invasions, and/or variable ecosystem responses to different control treatments. Future research should clarify the roles of species invasiveness and community invasibility, increase our understanding of the effects of Chinese tallow in invaded communities, and develop viable management regimes that are effective in both controlling or reducing the probability of Chinese tallow invasion and restoring desired native communities

Beam Transport of 4 GeV Protons from AGS to the Proton Interrogation Target of the Neutrino Line (Z_line) and Effect of the Air on the Transported Beam

As part of the preparation for the Proton Interrogation Experiment, we have calculated the beam optics for the transport of 4 GeV protons, from the AGS extraction point, to the 'Cross-Section Target Wheel 1' and to the 'Proton Interrogation Target'. In this technical note we present three possible beam-transports each corresponding to a particular Fast Extracted Beam W B setup of the AGS. In addition we present results on the effect of the atmospheric air, (which fills the drift space of the last 100 [m] of the transport line), on the size of the beam, at two locations along the drift space, one location at the middle of the drift space and the other at the end where the 'Proton Interrogation Target' is placed. All the beam transports mentioned above require the removal of the WD1 dipole magnet, which is the first magnet of the W-line, because it acts as a limiting beam aperture, and the magnet is not used in the beam transport. An alternative solution of a beam transport, which does not require the removal of the WD1 magnet, is also presented. In this solution, which models the transport line using the TURTLE computer code[7], the vertical beam sizes at the location of the WD1 magnet is minimized to allow 'lossless' beam transport at the location of the WD1 magnet. A similar solution, but using a MAD model of the line, is also presented

Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy of Λ16^{16}_\LambdaO and Λ15^{15}_\LambdaN Hypernuclei via the 16^{16}O(K−,π−)(K^-, \pi^-) reaction

he bound-state level structures of the $^{16}_{\Lambda}$O and $^{15}_{\Lambda}$N hypernuclei were studied by $\gamma$-ray spectroscopy using a germanium detector array (Hyperball) via the $^{16}$O ($K^-, \pi^- \gamma$) reaction. A level scheme for $^{16}_{\Lambda}$O was determined from the observation of three $\gamma$-ray transitions from the doublet of states ($2^-$,$1^-$) at $\sim 6.7$ MeV to the ground-state doublet ($1^-$,$0^-$). The $^{15}_{\Lambda}$N hypernuclei were produced via proton emission from unbound states in $^{16}_{\Lambda}$O . Three $\gamma$ -rays were observed and the lifetime of the $1/2^+;1$ state in $^{15}_{\Lambda}$N was measured by the Doppler shift attenuation method. By comparing the experimental results with shell-model calculations, the spin-dependence of the $\Lambda N$ interaction is discussed. In particular, the measured $^{16}_{\Lambda}$O ground-state doublet spacing of 26.4 $\pm$ 1.6 $\pm$ 0.5 keV determines a small but nonzero strength of the $\Lambda N$ tensor interaction.Comment: 22 pages, 17 figure