Statistics of level spacing of geometric resonances in random binary composites

We study the statistics of level spacing of geometric resonances in the disordered binary networks. For a definite concentration $p$ within the interval $[0.2,0.7]$, numerical calculations indicate that the unfolded level spacing distribution $P(t)$ and level number variance $\Sigma^2(L)$ have the general features. It is also shown that the short-range fluctuation $P(t)$ and long-range spectral correlation $\Sigma^2(L)$ lie between the profiles of the Poisson ensemble and Gaussion orthogonal ensemble (GOE). At the percolation threshold $p_c$, crossover behavior of functions $P(t)$ and $$ is obtained, giving the finite size scaling of mean level spacing $\delta$ and mean level number $n$, which obey the scaling laws, $$ and $n=0.911L^{1.970}$.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures,submitted to Phys. Rev.

Organocatalytic Alkyne Isomerizations under Flow Conditions Using Heterogeneous Bifunctional Polystyrene Bearing Phosphine and Phenol Groups

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Birthweight and risk markers for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in childhood: the Child Heart and Health Study in England (CHASE).

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Lower birthweight (a marker of fetal undernutrition) is associated with higher risks of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and could explain ethnic differences in these diseases. We examined associations between birthweight and risk markers for diabetes and CVD in UK-resident white European, South Asian and black African-Caribbean children. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study of risk markers for diabetes and CVD in 9- to 10-year-old children of different ethnic origins, birthweight was obtained from health records and/or parental recall. Associations between birthweight and risk markers were estimated using multilevel linear regression to account for clustering in children from the same school. RESULTS: Key data were available for 3,744 (66%) singleton study participants. In analyses adjusted for age, sex and ethnicity, birthweight was inversely associated with serum urate and positively associated with systolic BP. After additional height adjustment, lower birthweight (per 100 g) was associated with higher serum urate (0.52%; 95% CI 0.38, 0.66), fasting serum insulin (0.41%; 95% CI 0.08, 0.74), HbA1c (0.04%; 95% CI 0.00, 0.08), plasma glucose (0.06%; 95% CI 0.02, 0.10) and serum triacylglycerol (0.30%; 95% CI 0.09, 0.51) but not with BP or blood cholesterol. Birthweight was lower among children of South Asian (231 g lower; 95% CI 183, 280) and black African-Caribbean origin (81 g lower; 95% CI 30, 132). However, adjustment for birthweight had no effect on ethnic differences in risk markers. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Birthweight was inversely associated with urate and with insulin and glycaemia after adjustment for current height. Lower birthweight does not appear to explain emerging ethnic difference in risk markers for diabetes

Stratosphere-troposphere exchange: Chemical sensitivity to mixing

We present examples of how chemical evolution can exhibit sensitivity to mixing arising from stratosphere-troposphere exchange. A chemical transport model is used to survey the chemical contrasts on isentropic surfaces that intersect the tropopause. Significant cross-tropopause gradients in both ozone and water vapor are shown to exist between 300 and 340 K, Back trajectories are used to confirm that air parcels with widely varying chemical properties are rapidly brought together in a typical quasi-isentropic stratosphere-troposphere exchange event. A two-box model is used to investigate the chemical evolution of stratospheric and tropospheric air parcels and to determine the effect of mixing between them. Mixing of stratospheric ozone and tropospheric water vapor is shown to lead to enhanced hydroxyl (OH) radical concentrations compared with background tropospheric and stratospheric values. The oxidation of CO, methane, and higher hydrocarbons is correspondingly increased, and NOx is also lost more rapidly with faster mixing. Also, in low NOx conditions, the rate of O-3 loss is found to increase with faster mixing, The consequences of this anomalous chemistry for chemical transport in stratosphere-troposphere exchange events are discussed. It is also noted that if NOx levels in either parcel are very high initially, mixing of NOx can become more important than O-3 or H2O in determining OH levels

New mobilities across the lifecourse: A framework for analysing demographically-linked drivers of migration

Date of acceptance: 17/02/2015Taking the life course as the central concern, the authors set out a conceptual framework and define some key research questions for a programme of research that explores how the linked lives of mobile people are situated in time–space within the economic, social, and cultural structures of contemporary society. Drawing on methodologically innovative techniques, these perspectives can offer new insights into the changing nature and meanings of migration across the life course.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Single photon generation by pulsed excitation of a single dipole

The fluorescence of a single dipole excited by an intense light pulse can lead to the generation of another light pulse containing a single photon. The influence of the duration and energy of the excitation pulse on the number of photons in the fluorescence pulse is studied. The case of a two-level dipole with strongly damped coherences is considered. The presence of a metastable state leading to shelving is also investigated.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures, submitted to PR

Identification of recurrent noncoding mutations in B-cell lymphoma using capture Hi-C.

The identification of driver mutations is fundamental to understanding oncogenesis. Although genes frequently mutated in B-cell lymphoma have been identified, the search for driver mutations has largely focused on the coding genome. Here we report an analysis of the noncoding genome using whole-genome sequencing data from 117 patients with B-cell lymphoma. Using promoter capture Hi-C data in naive B cells, we define cis-regulatory elements, which represent an enriched subset of the noncoding genome in which to search for driver mutations. Regulatory regions were identified whose mutation significantly alters gene expression, including copy number variation at cis-regulatory elements targeting CD69, IGLL5, and MMP14, and single nucleotide variants in a cis-regulatory element for TPRG1 We also show the commonality of pathways targeted by coding and noncoding mutations, exemplified by MMP14, which regulates Notch signaling, a pathway important in lymphomagenesis and whose expression is associated with patient survival. This study provides an enhanced understanding of lymphomagenesis and describes the advantages of using chromosome conformation capture to decipher noncoding mutations relevant to cancer biology

Vaccine-associated enhanced disease : case definition and guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data

This is a Brighton Collaboration Case Definition of the term & ldquo;Vaccine Associated Enhanced Disease & rdquo; to be utilized in the evaluation of adverse events following immunization. The Case Definition was developed by a group of experts convened by the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) in the context of active development of vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and other emerging pathogens. The case definition format of the Brighton Collaboration was followed to develop a consensus definition and defined levels of certainty, after an exhaustive review of the literature and expert consultation. The document underwent peer review by the Brighton Collaboration Network and by selected Expert Reviewers prior to submission. (c) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Impact of Scotland’s comprehensive, smoke-free legislation on stroke

<p>Background: Previous studies have reported a reduction in acute coronary events following smoke-free legislation. Evidence is lacking on whether stroke is also reduced. The aim was to determine whether the incidence of stroke, overalland by sub-type, fell following introduction of smoke-free legislation across Scotland on 26 March 2006.</p> <p>Methods and Findings: A negative binomial regression model was used to determine whether the introduction of smokefree legislation resulted in a step and/or slope change in stroke incidence. The model was adjusted for age-group, sex, socioeconomic deprivation quintile, urban/rural residence and month. Interaction tests were also performed. Routine hospital administrative data and death certificates were used to identify all hospital admissions and pre-hospital deaths due to stroke (ICD10 codes I61, I63 and I64) in Scotland between 2000 and 2010 inclusive. Prior to the legislation, rates of all stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage and unspecified stroke were decreasing, whilst cerebral infarction was increasing at 0.97% per annum. Following the legislation, there was a dramatic fall in cerebral infarctions that persisted for around 20 months. No visible effect was observed for other types of stroke. The model confirmed an 8.90% (95% CI 4.85, 12.77, p,0.001) stepwise reduction in cerebral infarction at the time the legislation was implemented, after adjustment for potential cofounders.</p> <p>Conclusions: Following introduction of national, comprehensive smoke-free legislation there was a selective reduction in cerebral infarction that was not apparent in other types of stroke.</p&gt