23 research outputs found
Identification of toxigenic Aspergillus species from diet dairy goat using a polyphasic approach
Modelado numérico del proceso de soldadura por fricción agitación en aceros inoxidables
Burden and risk factors for Pseudomonas aeruginosa community-acquired pneumonia:a Multinational Point Prevalence Study of Hospitalised Patients
Pseudornonas aeruginosa is a challenging bacterium to treat due to its intrinsic resistance to the antibiotics used most frequently in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Data about the global burden and risk factors associated with P. aeruginosa-CAP are limited. We assessed the multinational burden and specific risk factors associated with P. aeruginosa-CAP.
We enrolled 3193 patients in 54 countries with confirmed diagnosis of CAP who underwent microbiological testing at admission. Prevalence was calculated according to the identification of P. aeruginosa. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for antibiotic-susceptible and antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa-CAP.
The prevalence of P. aeruginosa and antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa-CAP was 4.2% and 2.0%, respectively. The rate of P. aeruginosa CAP in patients with prior infection/colonisation due to P. aeruginosa and at least one of the three independently associated chronic lung diseases (i.e. tracheostomy, bronchiectasis and/or very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) was 67%. In contrast, the rate of P. aeruginosa-CAP was 2% in patients without prior P. aeruginosa infection/colonisation and none of the selected chronic lung diseases. The multinational prevalence of P. aeruginosa-CAP is low.
The risk factors identified in this study may guide healthcare professionals in deciding empirical antibiotic coverage for CAP patients
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Track A Basic Science
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138319/1/jia218438.pd
Biological characteristics of Bovine Herpesvirus 1 and 5 strains using the rabbit experimental model
Bovine Herpesvirus (BoHV) can infect both rabbits and mustelids. Rabbit has been used as a laboratory model for infection with BoHV-1 and 5. The objective of this research was to study the pathogenicity of different Argentinian BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 strains by using the rabbit experimental model. New Zealand rabbits were inoculated by intranasal and intravaginal ways. The animals inoculated intranasally with strains of BoHV-5 developed neurological signs in 83% of the cases. BoHV-1.1 caused neurological signs in 57% of the animals and BoHV-1.2 did not cause clear clinical signs. BoHV-5 caused nervous signs in young animals while BoHV-1 did so occasionally in young rabbits. Animales inoculated intravaginally showed no apparent clinical signs or apparent lesions in the studied organs. The infection was demonstrated by serological seroconversion. The rabbit was appropriate to study the clinical signs and the lesions produced in the different organs, primarily in the central nervous system. The model was useful for being inexpensive and very easy to use, and it enabled to identify differences in the biological behavior of the studied BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 strains.Fil: Pidone, C.L. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Santa Fe, ArgentinaFil: Riganti, J.G. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Santa Fe, ArgentinaFil: Valera, A.R. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. La Plata, ArgentinaFil: Poli, G.L. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Santa Fe, ArgentinaFil: Ridley, A.I. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Santa Fe, ArgentinaFil: Fuentealba, N.A. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. La Plata, ArgentinaFil: Fuentealba, N.A. CONICET. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico (CCT). La Plata, ArgentinaFil: Anthony, L.M. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Santa Fe, ArgentinaFil: Brion, C. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Santa Fe, ArgentinaFil: Pereyra, N.B. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Santa Fe, ArgentinaFil: Galosi, C.M. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. La Plata, ArgentinaFil: Galosi, C.M. ComisiĂłn de Investigaciones CientĂficas (CIC). La Plata, ArgentinaLos Herpesvirus bovinos (BoHV) pueden infectar tanto a mustĂ©lidos como a conejos y esta Ășltima especie ha sido utilizada como modelo de laboratorio para la infecciĂłn por BoHV-1 y 5. El objetivode este trabajo fue estudiar la patogenicidad de diferentes cepas argentinas de BoHV-1 y BoHV-5 utilizando el modelo experimental conejo. Se utilizaron conejos de raza neozelandesa que se inocularon por vĂa intranasal e intravaginal. Los animales inoculados por vĂa intranasal con cepas de BoHV-5 desarrollaron signos nerviosos en el 83% de los casos, mientras que BoHV-1.1 causĂł signos nerviosos en el 57% de los animales y BoHV-1.2 no provocĂł signos clĂnicos evidentes. El BoHV-5 causĂł sĂntomas nerviosos solo en los animales jĂłvenes mientras que BoHV-1 solo lo hizo ocasionalmente y tambiĂ©n en individuos jĂłvenes. Los conejos inoculados por vĂa intravaginal no mostraron signos clĂnicos ni lesiones aparentes en los Ăłrganos estudiados; la infecciĂłn se demostrĂł por seroconversiĂłn serolĂłgica. El conejo resultĂł adecuado para estudiar la sintomatologĂa y las lesiones producidas en los distintos Ăłrganos, fundamentalmente en el sistema nervioso central. El modelo resultĂł de utilidad por ser econĂłmico, de muy fĂĄcil manejo y permitiĂł reconocer diferencias en el comportamiento biolĂłgico de las cepas de BoHV-1 y BoHV-5 estudiadas
Fine-mapping classical HLA variation associated with durable host control of HIV-1 infection in African Americans
A small proportion of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infected individuals, termed HIV-1 controllers, suppress viral replication to very low levels in the absence of therapy. Genetic investigations of this phenotype have strongly implicated variation in the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region as key to HIV-1 control. We collected sequence-based classical class I HLA genotypes at 4-digit resolution in HIV-1-infected African American controllers and progressors (n = 1107), and tested them for association with host control using genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism data to account for population structure. Several classical alleles at HLA-B were associated with host control, including B*57:03 [odds ratio (OR) = 5.1; P= 3.4 Ă 10(-18)] and B*81:01 (OR = 4.8; P= 1.3 Ă 10(-9)). Analysis of variable amino acid positions demonstrates that HLA-B position 97 is the most significant association with host control in African Americans (omnibus P = 1.2 Ă 10(-21)) and explains the signal of several HLA-B alleles, including B*57:03. Within HLA-B, we also identified independent effects at position 116 (omnibus P= 2.8 Ă 10(-15)) in the canonical F pocket, position 63 in the B pocket (P= 1.5 Ă 10(-3)) and the non-pocket position 245 (P= 8.8 Ă 10(-10)), which is thought to influence CD8-binding kinetics. Adjusting for these HLA-B effects, there is evidence for residual association in the MHC region. These results underscore the key role of HLA-B in affecting HIV-1 replication, likely through the molecular interaction between HLA-B and viral peptides presented by infected cells, and suggest that sites outside the peptide-binding pocket also influence HIV-1 control