Semi-determinate Growth Habit Adjusts The Vegetative-to-reproductive Balance And Increases Productivity And Water-use Efficiency In Tomato (solanum Lycopersicum)

Tomato (. Solanum lycopersicum) shows three growth habits: determinate, indeterminate and semi-determinate. These are controlled mainly by allelic variation in the SELF-PRUNING (. SP) gene family, which also includes the "florigen" gene SINGLE FLOWER TRUSS (. SFT). Determinate cultivars have synchronized flower and fruit production, which allows mechanical harvesting in the tomato processing industry, whereas indeterminate ones have more vegetative growth with continuous flower and fruit formation, being thus preferred for fresh market tomato production. The semi-determinate growth habit is poorly understood, although there are indications that it combines advantages of determinate and indeterminate growth. Here, we used near-isogenic lines (NILs) in the cultivar Micro-Tom (MT) with different growth habit to characterize semi-determinate growth and to determine its impact on developmental and productivity traits. 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Mejoramiento de precisión para incrementar el contenido de licopeno en frutos de tomate. [Resumen]

El tomate es una hortaliza ampliamente consumida en la dieta y una de las principales fuentes de antioxidantes. Una estrategia para potenciar su capacidad antioxidante es promover la acumulación de licopeno

Introgression of the sesquiterpene biosynthesis from <i>Solanum habrochaites</i> to cultivated tomato offers insights into trichome morphology and arthropod resistance

MAIN CONCLUSION: Cultivated tomatoes harboring the plastid-derived sesquiterpenes from S. habrochaites have altered type-VI trichome morphology and unveil additional genetic components necessary for piercing-sucking pest resistance. ABSTRACT: Arthropod resistance in the tomato wild relative Solanum habrochaites LA1777 is linked to specific sesquiterpene biosynthesis. The Sesquiterpene synthase 2 (SsT2) gene cluster on LA1777 chromosome 8 controls plastid-derived sesquiterpene synthesis. The main genes at SsT2 are Z-prenyltransferase (zFPS) and Santalene and Bergamotene Synthase (SBS), which produce α-santalene, β-bergamotene, and α-bergamotene in LA1777 round-shaped type-VI glandular trichomes. Cultivated tomatoes have mushroom-shaped type-VI trichomes with much smaller glands that contain low levels of monoterpenes and cytosolic-derived sesquiterpenes, not presenting the same pest resistance as in LA1777. We successfully transferred zFPS and SBS from LA1777 to cultivated tomato (cv. Micro-Tom, MT) by a backcrossing approach. The trichomes of the MT-Sst2 introgressed line produced high levels of the plastid-derived sesquiterpenes. The type-VI trichome internal storage-cavity size increased in MT-Sst2, probably as an effect of the increased amount of sesquiterpenes, although it was not enough to mimic the round-shaped LA1777 trichomes. The presence of high amounts of plastid-derived sesquiterpenes was also not sufficient to confer resistance to various tomato piercing-sucking pests, indicating that the effect of the sesquiterpenes found in the wild S. habrochaites can be insect specific. Our results provide for a better understanding of the morphology of S. habrochaites type-VI trichomes and paves the way to obtain insect-resistant tomatoes. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00425-021-03651-y

Alelo con pérdida de función de un gen tipo TAC-1 (SlTAC1) localizado en el cromosoma 10 de tomate es candidato para el mutante Hoja Erecta (Erl). [Resumen]

La base genética del fenotipo hoja erecta fue investigada en distintas poblaciones, incluida la derivada de Solanum lycopersicum 'LT05' (con hoja erecta y maduración uniforme, genotipo uu) × S. pimpinelifollium 'TO-937' (con fenotipo de hoja salvaje o normal y fruta con hombros verdes, genotipo UU)

Constitutive gibberellin response in grafted tomato modulates root-to-shoot signaling under drought stress

[EN] Plants are sessile organisms that must perceive and respond to various environmental constraints throughout their life cycle. Among these constraints, drought stress has become the main limiting factor to crop production around the world. Water deprivation is perceived primarily by the roots, which efficiently signal the shoot to trigger drought responses in order to maximize a plant's ability to survive. In this study, the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) mutant procera (pro), with a constitutive response to gibberellin (GA), and its near isogenic line cv. Micro-Tom (MT), were used in reciprocal grafting under well-watered and water stress conditions to evaluate the role of GA signaling in root-to-shoot communication during drought stress. Growth, oxidative stress, gene expression, water relations and hormonal content were measured in order to provide insights into GA-mediated adjustments to water stress. All graft combinations with pro (i.e. pro/pro, MT/pro and pro/MT) prevented the reduction of growth under stress conditions without a reduction in oxidative stress. The increase of oxidative stress was followed by upregulation of SlDREB2, a drought-tolerance related gene, in all drought-stressed plants. Scions harboring the pro mutation tended to increase the abscisic acid (ABA) content, independent of the rootstock. Moreover, the GA sensitivity of the rootstock modulated stomatal conductance and water use efficiency under drought stress, indicating GA and ABA crosstalk in the adjustment of growth and water economy.The Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) for doctoral fellowship to the first author under grant 2014/19165-2.Gaion, L.; Monteiro, C.; Cruz, F.; Rossatto, D.; Lopez Diaz, I.; Carrera Bergua, E.; Lima, J.... (2018). Constitutive gibberellin response in grafted tomato modulates root-to-shoot signaling under drought stress. Journal of Plant Physiology. 221:11-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2017.12.003S112122