Marked decline in forest-dependent small mammals following habitat loss and fragmentation in an Amazonian deforestation frontier

Agricultural frontier expansion into the Amazon over the last four decades has created million hectares of fragmented forests. While many species undergo local extinctions within remaining forest patches, this may be compensated by native species from neighbouring open-habitat areas potentially invading these patches, particularly as forest habitats become increasingly degraded. Here, we examine the effects of habitat loss, fragmentation and degradation on small mammal assemblages in a southern Amazonian deforestation frontier, while accounting for species-specific degree of forest-dependency. We surveyed small mammals at three continuous forest sites and 19 forest patches of different sizes and degrees of isolation. We further sampled matrix habitats adjacent to forest patches, which allowed us to classify each species according to forest-dependency and generate a community-averaged forest-dependency index for each site. Based on 21,568 trap-nights, we recorded 970 small mammals representing 20 species: 12 forest-dependents, 5 matrix-tolerants and 3 open-habitat specialists. Across the gradient of forest patch size, small mammal assemblages failed to show the typical species-area relationship, but this relationship held true when either species abundance or composition was considered. Species composition was further mediated by community-averaged forest-dependency, so that smaller forest patches were occupied by a lower proportion of forest-dependent rodents and marsupials. Both species richness and abundance increased in less isolated fragments surrounded by structurally simplified matrix habitats (e.g. active or abandoned cattle pastures). While shorter distances between forest patches may favour small mammal abundances, forest area and matrix complexity dictated which species could persist within forest fragments according to their degree of forest-dependency. Small mammal local extinctions in small forest patches within Amazonian deforestation frontiers are therefore likely offset by the incursion of open-habitat species. To preclude the dominance of those species, and consequent losses of native species and associated ecosystem functions, management actions should limit or reduce areas dedicated to pasture, additionally maintaining more structurally complex matrix habitats across fragmented landscapes

Monitoramento de Sinoxylon conigerum (Gerstäcker, 1885) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) em madeira de teca (Tectona grandis L. f.) no Estado do Pará.

bitstream/item/31739/1/Com-tec-224.pdfVersão eletrônica disponível em papel

Symbolic effects capitalized by nurses from the National Institute of Cancer in Brazil (1980 -1990)

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the strategies of nurses in the National Institute of Cancer to disseminate its scientifi c capital and discuss the symbolic effects capitalized in the fi eld of oncology in the 1980s. Method: historical social studies, with primary sources consisting of written documents and oral reports, and as secondary sources, articles and books on the subject, based on the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu's concepts of scientifi c capital and habitus. Results: it revealed the effective performance of nurses in this Institute on policies of cancer prevention and control and strategies used in the teaching of oncology nursing at the undergraduate level. In conclusion, nursing stands out in this context, through the dissemination of its scientifi c knowledge, as a participant in the construction of a scientifi c fi eld of oncology nursing in Brazil, highlighting the occupation of important social areas. Key words: Nursing; History of Nursing; Oncology Nursing. RESUMO Objetivo: descrever as estratégias dos enfermeiros do Instituto Nacional de Câncer para divulgação do seu capital científi co e discutir os efeitos simbólicos capitalizados no campo da oncologia na década de 1980. Método: estudo histórico-social, cujas fontes primárias constituíram-se de documentos escritos e depoimentos orais e, as secundárias, de artigos e livros sobre o tema, fundamentado com os conceitos de capital científi co e habitus do sociólogo francês Pierre Bourdieu. Resultados: evidenciou-se a efetiva atuação do enfermeiro desse Instituto nas políticas de prevenção e controle do câncer e das estratégias utilizadas no ensino de enfermagem em oncologia no curso de graduação. Concluiu-se que a Enfermagem destacou-se, nesse contexto, através da difusão do seu capital científi co, como participante da construção de um campo científi co da Enfermagem oncológica no Brasil, com destaque à ocupação de alguns espaços sociais importantes

Estudo de algumas características fenotípicas relacionadas ao desempenho de tourinhos da raça Canchim em confinamento: 1. Desenvolvimento ponderal e polimorfismo para cor da mufla.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar uma possivel associação entre polimorfismo para cor da mufla e desempenho de tourinhos Canchim. O trabalho foi realizado em dois locais diferentes. Na Fazenda São Jorge (Cedral-SP), foram utilizados 51 aimais inteiros da raça Canchim com médias de 20 meses de idade e 327 kg de peso vivo ao inicio do período, e classificados em 3 grupos em relação a cor de mufla (escura, rosada e pigmentação intermediaria). O mesmo procedimento for feito para 105 animais que estavam participando da prova de Ganho de Peso na Estação Experimental de Zootecnia de Sertãozinho (SP), iniciando a prova com 210 dias e terminando com 378 dias de idade. Os resultados mostraram que não existiu associação significativa entre os grupos com diferentes cores de mucosa e o ganho diário em regime de confinamento.Resumo expandido. Publicado tambem por In: Reuniao Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia, 33, 1996, Fortaleza. Anais... Fortaleza: SBZ, 1996, v.1 p.158-160

Accuracy of Hidden Markov Models in Identifying Alterations in Movement Patterns during Biceps-Curl Weight-Lifting Exercise

This paper presents a comparison of mathematical and cinematic motion analysis regarding the accuracy of the detection of alterations in the patterns of positional sequence during biceps-curl lifting exercise. Two different methods, one with and one without metric data from the environment, were used to identify the changes. Ten volunteers performed a standing biceps-curl exercise with additional loads. A smartphone recorded their movements in the sagittal plane, providing information on joints and barbell sequential position changes during each lift attempt. An analysis of variance revealed significant differences in joint position (p < 0.05) among executions with three different loads. Hidden Markov models were trained with data from the bi-dimensional coordinates of the joint positional sequence to identify meaningful alteration with load increment. Tests of agreement tests between the results provided by the models with the environmental measurements, as well as those from image coordinates, were performed. The results demonstrated that it is possible to efficiently detect changes in the patterns of positional sequence with and without the necessity of measurement and/or environmental control, reaching an agreement of 86% between each other, and 100% and 86% for each respective method to the results of ANOVA. The method developed in this study illustrates the viability of smartphone camera use for identifying positional adjustments due to the inability to control limbs in an adequate range of motion with increasing load during a lifting task.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A device for feasible fidelity, purity, Hilbert-Schmidt distance and entanglement witness measurements

A generic model of measurement device which is able to directly measure commonly used quantum-state characteristics such as fidelity, overlap, purity and Hilbert-Schmidt distance for two general uncorrelated mixed states is proposed. In addition, for two correlated mixed states, the measurement realizes an entanglement witness for Werner's separability criterion. To determine these observables, the estimation only one parameter - the visibility of interference, is needed. The implementations in cavity QED, trapped ion and electromagnetically induced transparency experiments are discussed.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure

Effect of zeolite use in finishing beef cattle in confinement

Twenty-four Santa Gertrudis male calves of mean initial age 11 months and liveweight (LW) 280 kg were assigned to 12 pairs according to weight in a randomized block-design experiment. The two treatments compared were: maize silage + concentrate (1) without zeolite or (2) with 2,4% of zeolite. The proportion of roughage to concentrate was maintained at approximately 45:55. The animals were confined in individual pens during 127 days, including 15 days of adaptation. Mean results for treatments 1 and 2 were: dailyLWgain, 1.35 and 1.41 kg; daily dry matter (DM) intake relative to LW, 2.53 and 2.59%; feed conversion ratio, 6.03 and 5.93 kg DM/kg LW gain; and pH of feces, 5.36 and 5.51, respectively. Mean carcass evaluation data were: warm carcass yield, 54.22 and 55.56%; loin eye area, 26.72 and 26.92 cm 2/100 kg LW; proportion of renal plus pelvic fat, 2.4 and 2.55%, respectively. Inclusion of zeolite at the 2% level in the concentrate (1.1% in the dietary DM) did not significantly affect the various parameters studied, except fecal pH. The latter observation might be indicative of improved utilization of the dietary starch when zeolite was fed

Histórico, vivências e desafios do núcleo de conservação do cavalo Pantaneiro.

RESUMO: O cavalo Pantaneiro é uma raça brasileira de origem Ibérica que apresenta um grande valor funcional e cultural para o Brasil, especialmente para a região do Pantanal. A raça é de fundamental importância nos sistemas de produção de bovino de corte, atuando no manejo do gado, e meio de transporte, principalmente nas regiões de difícil acesso. Essas qualidades vêm aumentando a visibilidade da raça em Leilões e provas esportivas. O valor crescente do cavalo Pantaneiro foi de primordial importância para a conservação da raça, mas estudos sobre a estrutura da população tem verificado aumento da endogamia, o que requer planos de manejo eficazes para manter sua diversidade. Com os objetivos de estudos e conservação da raça, a Embrapa Pantanal criou, em 1988, o Núcleo de Conservação do cavalo Pantaneiro na fazenda Nhumirim, sub-região da Nhecolândia, Pantanal Sul, com o apoio da ABCCP (Associação Brasileira de Criadores de Cavalos Pantaneiros) e da Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia. O rebanho base foi constituído de animais provenientes de diferentes criadouros para representar a diversidade da população. Os equinos têm sido mantidos no seu ambiente natural para estudos de caracterização e monitoramento da raça. Para manter a diversidade do núcleo, as seguintes estratégias foram adotadas: (1) manutenção de uma relação macho:fêmea mínima de 1:10; (2) substituição de reprodutores a cada três anos e (3) monitoramento dos acasalamentos. Parte dos estudos, especialmente os relacionados com as características adaptativas darão subsídios para a contínua expansão da raça bem como servir de base para seleção de doadores para enriquecer o Banco Genético da raça (sêmen e embriões). ABSTRACT: The Pantaneiro horse is a Brazilian breed of Iberian origin and has a great functional and cultural value for Brazil, mainly in the Pantanal region. It is a breed indispensable in beef cattle production systems used in the cattle working and transport, especially in difficult access locations. Currently, the horse has also been excelling in auctions and sporting events. The increasing value was fundamental for its conservation, but studies of breed structure have shown increased inbreeding, which requires effective management plans to maintain the genetic diversity. To assist in the studies and conservation of Pantaneiro horse, the Embrapa Pantanal created in 1988, a in situ conservation nuclei on Nhumirim farm, Nhecolândia sub-region, South Pantanal, with the support of ABCCP (Brazilian Association of Pantaneiro Horse Breeders) and Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology. The base herd consisted of animals from different breeding sites to represent the genetic diversity. The animals has been kept in their natural environment for characterization studies and breed monitoring. To maintain this diversity, some strategies were adopted: (1) maintaining male: female ratio at least 1:10; (2) stallions change every three years and (3) mating monitoring. Part of the studies, especially related to adaptive traits, will support the continued expansion of the breed as well as the basis for donor selection to enrich the breed’s genetic bank (semen and embryos)