13 research outputs found
Safflower Oil: An Integrated Assessment Of Phytochemistry, Antiulcerogenic Activity, And Rodent And Environmental Toxicity
Gastric ulcers are a significant medical problem and the development of complications lead to significant mortality rates worldwide. In Brazil, Carthamus tinctorius L., Asteraceae, seeds essential oil, the safflower oil, is currently used as a thermogenic compound and as treatment for problems related to the cardiovascular system. In this study, by Raman spectroscopy, it was shown that oleic and linoleic acids are the compounds present in higher concentrations in the safflower oil. We demonstrated that safflower oil (750 mg/kg, p.o.) decrease the ulcerogenic lesions in mice after the administration of hydrochloric acid-ethanol. The gastric ulcers induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in mice treated with cholinomimetics were treated with four different doses of safflower oil, of which, the dose of 187.5 mg/kg (p.o.) showed significant antiulcerogenic properties (p < 0.01). Moreover, the safflower oil at doses of 187.5 mg/kg (i.d.) increased the pH levels, gastric volume (p < 0.01) and gastric mucus production (p < 0.001), and decreased the total gastric acid secretion (p < 0.001). The acute toxicity tests showed that safflower oil (5.000 mg/kg, p.o.) had no effect on mortality or any other physiological parameter. Ecotoxicological tests performed using Daphnia similis showed an EC50 at 223.17 mg/l, and therefore safflower oil can be considered ânon-toxicâ based on the directive 93/67/EEC on risk assessment for new notified substances by European legislation. These results indicate that the antiulcer activity of Safflower oil may be due to cytoprotective effects, which serve as support for new scientific studies related to this pathology.245538544ABNT, Ecotoxicologia aquatica: Toxicidade aguda-metodo de ensaio com (2004) Daphnia, 21p. , spp (Cladocera, Crustacea). 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Avaliação de caracterĂsticas de desempenho e de carcaça de codornas de corte por meio da anĂĄlise de componentes principais
Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research
Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time, and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space. While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes, vast areas of the tropics remain understudied. In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity, but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases. To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge, it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%â18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost
Application of Neutral Red Retention Assay in the clam Ruditapes philippinarum and the crab Carcinus maenas as a screening tool for sediment quality assessment in marine environment
Dredged material can cause several negative impacts to the ecosystems. Its management is a key issue for the protection of the aquatic environments. Sediment quality guidelines alone are not able to estimate the potential adverse effects that contaminants bound to sediment can cause. The in situ approach using caged bioindicator species has been chosen lately as a new sensitive tool for the assessment of dredged material. In a tier testing approach, Neutral Red Retention Assay (NRRA) has been applied as a screening tool in order to detect adverse changes in health status associated to contaminated environments. Nevertheless, to the authors' knowledge, little is known about the application and validation of NRRA in sediment bioindicator species and under field conditions. Caged Ruditapes philippinarum and Carcinus maenas were exposed during 28 days to 3 potentially contaminated sites in the Algeciras Bay (SW Spain) and to a reference site in the Cadiz Bay (SW Spain). Health status of exposed organisms was measured through NRRA in haemolymph samples. No significant differences of Neutral Red Retention Time (NRRT) were measured neither in clams nor in crabs over time in the organisms from control site (70 ± 10min). However significant differences (p < 0.05) were found at the end of the exposure period in clams and crabs exposed to contaminated sediments from Algeciras Bay, showing a decrease of NRRTs from 30 to 70% compared to the control organisms. The results obtained confirmed the use of NRRA as a suitable and sensitive method to be used in the assessment of sediment quality