Relationship between birthweight and arterial elasticity in childhood

There is a considerable debate about the potential influence of fetal programming on cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. In the present prospective epidemiological cohort study, the relationship between birthweight and arterial elasticity in 472 children between 5 and 8 years of age was assessed. LAEI (large artery elasticity index), SAEI (small artery elasticity index) and BP (blood pressure) were assessed using the HDI/PulseWave CR-2000 CardioVascular Profiling System. Blood concentrations of glucose, total cholesterol and its fractions [LDL (low-density lipoprotein)-cholesterol and HDL (high-density lipoprotein)-cholesterol] and triacylglycerols (triglycerides) were determined by automated enzymatic methods. Insulin was assessed by a chemiluminescent method, insulin resistance by HOMA (homoeostasis model assessment) and CRP (C-reactive protein) by immunonephelometry. Two linear regression models were applied to investigate the relationship between the outcomes, LAEI and SAEI, and the following variables: birthweight, gestational age, glucose, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerols, insulin, CRP, HOMA, age, gender, waist circumference, per capita income, SBP (systolic BP) and DBP (diastolic BP). LAEI was positively associated with birthweight (P=0.036), waist circumference (P<0.001) and age (P<0.001), and negatively associated with CRP (P=0.024) and SBP (P<0.001). SAEI was positively associated with birthweight (P=0.04), waist circumference (P=0.001) and age (P<0.001), and negatively associated with DBP (P<0.001). Arterial elasticity was decreased in apparently healthy children who had lower birthweights, indicating an earlier atherogenetic susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases in adolescence and adult life. Possible explanations for the results include changes in angiogenesis during critical phases of intrauterine life caused by periods of fetal growth inhibition and local haemodynamic anomaliesFAPESP n. 04/04109-

FATORES ASSOCIADOS À AUTOAVALIAÇÃO DE SAÚDE EM IDOSOS DA CIDADE DE PICOS - PIAUÍ

INTRODUÇÃO: A autoavaliação vem sendo utilizada para diagnosticar risco de saúde do idoso, pois considera diversos fatores e não somente a presença de doenças. OBJETIVO: Determinar os fatores associados à autoavaliação da saúde considerando&nbsp;três dimensões: sociodemográficas, hábitos de vida e condições de saúde. METODOLOGIA: Estudo transversal com 94 idosos atendidos em Unidade Básica de Saúde em Picos/PI. A coleta de dados, com formulário específico, foi obtida por meio de entrevistas. Utilizou-se análise estatística descritiva e Teste Exato de Fisher para associação entre variáveis qualitativas (p&lt; 0,05). RESULTADOS:&nbsp;A autoavaliação em saúde foi relatada como “razoável a muito boa” e “ruim a muito ruim”, em 79,8% e 20,2% dos participantes, respectivamente. As variáveis com melhor percepção da saúde foram: sexo feminino; faixa etária de 60-69 anos; renda de 2 salários; casados ou viúvos e escolaridade variando 1 ”“ 3 anos. Os idosos que se consultaram de 2 ”“ 3 vezes/ano e os que não foram internados relataram melhor saúde. CONCLUSÃO:&nbsp;ressalta-se que o profissional deve estar atento ao diagnóstico de saúde dos idosos e capacitar-se para atender suas necessidades de forma integral, prevenindo doenças e promovendo saúde para que a independência e autonomia sejam características expressivas nesse estágio de vida

Određivanje hranjivih, fizikalno-kemijskih i strukturnih svojstava ploda biljke Mauritia flexuosa i njezinih nusproizvoda u svrhu biotehnološkog razvoja održivih proizvoda

Research background. Commercialization of Mauritia flexuosa (buriti) fruits in Brazil is at an early stage. Herein, we evaluate the nutritional value of pulp, peel and endocarp samples from buriti fruits, perform macroscopic and microscopic evaluations and analyze their physicochemical properties. Experimental approach. Size and mass, pH, sugar and protein contents, soluble/insoluble fiber, total titratable acidity and energy value of the samples were analyzed. Mineral profiling was performed by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, and fatty acids and phytosterols were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Samples were also submitted to differential scanning calorimetry coupled to a thermal analyzer, and microstructure, morphology, surface and viscosity were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) with copper radiation. Rheological behavior was also studied. Results and conclusions. Lyophilized pulp had higher nutritional content of minerals, proteins, carbohydrates and energy than in natura pulp. Lyophilized pulp and its by-products showed suitable yields (>17.31%) and low aw, and potassium, manganese and monounsaturated fatty acid contents. Peels showed elevated amounts of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids and phytosterols (β-sitosterol and stigmasterol), and endothermic behavior. The reductions of calcium, magnesium and manganese ranging from 18.5 to 22.7% were observed following the lyophilization. Drying processes generated semi-crystalline powders. Both peels and endocarp contained higher amounts of insoluble fiber and lower contents of sugars. Similar results were obtained by microscopic morphological analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and XRD analysis. Pulp and endocarp exhibited pseudoplastic non-Newtonian behavior, and flow behavior index values were lower than 1, while peels presented dilatant behaviour. Thus, physicochemical and nutritional characterization of pulp and by-products, such as peels and endocarp, are essential to support scientific research and exploration of new sustainable products. Novelty and scientific contribution. Processing and conservation techniques, like lyophilization, maintain the good quality of nutritional contents and bioactive compounds of buriti whole fruits, and can be used to extend their shelf life, preserve alimentary characteristics and provide wider purposes and availability. Such parameters may generate income and food security for local and regional communities.Pozadina istraživanja. Komercijalizacija ploda biljke Mauritia flexuosa (lokalnog naziva buriti) je u Brazilu još u ranoj fazi razvoja. U ovom smo radu ispitali hranjivu vrijednost uzoraka pulpe, kore i endokarpa plodova biljke buriti, proveli makro- i mikroskopske analize te odredili fizikalno-kemijska svojstva plodova. Eksperimentalni pristup. Ispitani su veličina i masa, pH-vrijednost, udjeli šećera i proteina, omjer topljivih i netopljivih vlakana, ukupna titracijska kiselost i energetska vrijednost uzoraka. Sastav mineralnih tvari određen je rendgenskom fluorescentnom spektrometrijom, a masne kiseline i fitosteroli plinskom kromatografijom u kombinaciji s masenom spektrometrijom. Uzorci su također ispitani diferencijalnom pretražnom kalorimetrijom u kombinaciji s toplinskom analizom. Mikrostruktura, morfološka svojstva, površina i viskoznost uzoraka određeni su pretražnom elektronskom mikroskopijom i rendgenskom difrakcijom s bakrom kao izvorom zračenja. Također su istražena i reološka svojstva plodova. Rezultati i zaključci. Liofilizirana pulpa imala je veće udjele mineralnih tvari, proteina, ugljikohidrata i veću energetsku vrijednost od netretirane pulpe. Prinos liofilizirane pulpe i njezinih nusproizvoda bio je zadovoljavajući (>17,31 %), a aktivitet vode te udjeli kalija, mangana i mononezasićenih masnih kiselina bili su niski. Kora ploda imala je veće udjele zasićenih i polinezasićenih masnih kiselina i fitosterola (β-sitosterola i stigmasterola) od pulpe, te je imala endotermna svojstva. Nakon liofilizacije opaženo je smanjenje udjela kalcija, magnezija i mangana, i to od 18,5 do 22,7 %. Sušenjem je dobiven polukristalični prah. Kora i endokarp ploda sadržavali su veće količine netopljivih vlakana i manje udjele šećera. Slični su rezultati dobiveni morfološkom analizom, diferencijalnom pretražnom kalorimetrijom i rendgenskom difrakcijom. Pulpa i endokarp imali su pseudoplastične nenjutonovske značajke, vrijednosti indeksa protjecanja bile su manje od 1, dok je kora imala dilatantna svojstva. Zaklljučeno je da je određivanje fizikalno-kemijskih i hranjivih svojstava pulpe i njezinih nusproizvoda kao što su kora i endokarp nužno za podržavanje ovog znanstvenog istraživanja i razvoja novih održivih proizvoda. Novina i znanstveni doprinos. Postupci obrade i čuvanja hrane, kao što je liofilizacija, omogućuju održavanje kakvoće hranjivih sastojaka i bioaktivnih spojeva plodova biljke buriti, produžuju njihovo vrijeme skladištenja, zadržavaju prehrambene značajke i proširuju njihovu uporabu i dostupnost. Takve značajke proizvoda mogu donijeti prihod i povećati sigurnost hrane u lokalnim i regionalnim zajednicama

The influence of birth weight on blood pressure and body composition of children.

Introdução: Estudos epidemiologicos sugerem que a exposicao intra-uterina a agravos como desnutricao, hiperglicemia ou hipercortisolemia durante periodos criticos do desenvolvimento leva a alteracoes metabolicas e endocrinas que persistem na vida adulta, fenomeno denominado de Programação Fetal das Doenças. Objetivos: Avaliar a relacao entre peso ao nascer (PN) com os valores atuais de pressao arterial, medidas antropometricas e de composicao corporal. Métodos: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo utilizando dados de RONDO (2003) em Jundiai-SP. No seguimento da coorte, avaliou-se 472 criancas, atualmente com idade de 5 a 8 anos. Avaliacoes clinicas consistiram em: medida de pressao arterial (PA), peso (P) e estatura (E) e dosagens bioquimicas: colesterol total (CT), LDL colesterol (LDLc) e HDL colesterol (HDLc) e triglicerides(TG). A composicao corporal foi avaliada pela prega cutanea triciptal (PCT) e subescapular (PCS), circunferencia braquial (CB) e da cintura (CC), area gordurosa do braco (AGB) e area muscular do braco (AMB) e indice de massa corporal para a idade (IMC). Avaliaram-se as condicoes socioeconomicas e demograficas em entrevista domiciliar. Para determinacao de associacao entre variaveis continuas, utilizou-se o teste de Correlacao de Pearson. Para variaveis categoricas, utilizou-se o teste do quiquadrado; e teste t" de Student para comparacao de medias. Utilizaram-se modelos de regressao linear multipla para investigar as relacoes entre as variaveis independentes: PN e comprimento ao nascer (CN) e as variaveis dependentes: IMC, CC, AGB, pressao arterial sistolica (PAS) e pressao arterial diastolica (PAD), controlando-se os fatores de confusao (sexo, idade, IMC, colesterol total, HDL-c, renda per capita e escolaridade)Resultados: A media de idade foi de 78,9}7,9 meses, sendo que 53,81% das criancas eram do sexo feminino. As prevalencias de desnutricao, risco de sobrepeso e de sobrepeso foram de 9,53%, 14,19% e 8,47%, respectivamente. A prevalencia de criancas com pressao arterial sistolica &#8805;95 foi alta (35,16%) e a de pressao arterial diastolica &#8805;95 foi de 5,09%. Em relacao a analise bioquimica, 17,16% (n=81) das criancas apresentaram HDLc reduzido. Destas, a maior parte (22,83%) eram do sexo feminino. O PN mostrou uma correlacao positiva com AGB e IMC (p<0.001). As PAS e PAD correlacionaram-se positivamente com IMC e AGB (p<0.001). Na regressao multipla, ao incluir a variavel IMC, observou-se associacao inversa significante entre PN e pressao arterial sistolica. Nao houve associacao significante entre PN e pressao diastolica e entre CN e PAS e PAD. Conclusões: A relacao inversa entre PN com pressao arterial sistolica, a relacao direta da pressao arterial com IMC e massas de gordura e muscular e a elevada prevalencia de risco de sobrepeso/sobrepeso justificam o controle do estado nutricional de criancas desde o periodo fetal e a vigilancia de medidas da pressao arterial na rotina pediatrica.Introduction: Epidemiological studies suggest that intra-utero exposure to malnutrition, hyperglycemia or hypercortisolemia during critical periods of development leads tometabolic and endocrinological changes that will be expressed in adult life, a condition known as Fetal Programming". Objectives: To assess the relationship between birth weight (BW) and blood pressure, anthropometric and body composition measurements. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study based on RONDO (2003) data, involving 472 children, aging 5 8 years, from Jundiai, Sao Paulo. Clinical evaluation included blood pressure (BP), weight (W), height (H) and body mass index (BMI) to age. Body composition: tricipital (TSF) and subscapular skinfold thickness (SSF), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), waist circumference (WC), fat mid-upper arm area (FMUAA) and muscle mid-upper arm area (MMUAA). The following elements were determined by biochemical analysis: total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDLc), HDLcholesterol (HDLc) and triglycerides (TG). Household interview included data about socioeconomic and demographic conditions. In order to check the association among continuous variables, Pearson correlation test" was performed. Chi-square" and tstudent" tests were also performed for categorical variables in order to compare means. Linear regression models were applied to investigate the relationship among independent variables (BW and birth length BL) and dependent variables (W, S, BMI, WC, FMUAA, systolic blood pressure SBP and diastolic blood pressure DBP), controlling for confounders such as gender, age, BMI, total cholesterol, HLD-c, per capita income and escolarity. Results: Mean age was 78,9 + 7,9 months; 53,81% of the children were female. The prevalences of malnutrition, risk of overweight and overweight were 9.53%, 14,19% and 8.47%, respectively. The prevalence of children with a SBP &#8805; the 95 centile was high (35.16%) and 5.09% of the children had a DBP &#8805; the 95 centile. Eight one (17.16%) of the children had low HDL-c; from those, 22,83% were female. BW was positively correlated with FMUAA and BMI (p < 0.001). SBP and DBP were positive correlated with BMI and FMUAA (p < 0.001). In the final linear regression model, adjusted for BMI, it was noticed a significant inverse relationship between BW and SBP. There were no statistically significant associations between BW and DBP and between BL and systolic and diastolic pressures. Conclusions: The inverse relationship between BW with actual SBP, the straight relationship of BP with fat and muscle mass and BMI, and the high prevalence of the risk of overweight/overweight, justify the control of the nutritional status of children since the fetal period and the monitoring of BP measurements in the pediatric routine

Prevalência da inadequação no consumo de nutrientes entre gestantes atendidas em unidades básicas de saúde

Objective: To assess the dietary intake of pregnant women attended in Basic Health Units of Picos-Piauí. Methods: Cross-sectional study involving 72 pregnant women. Sociodemographic and lifestyle data was collected, plus information on dietary intake from three 24-hour food recalls. The prevalence of inadequacy for carbohydrate, calcium, iron, A, C, E vitamins, and folate were calculated based on their respective estimated average requirements (EAR), while the adequacy of habitual energy intake relative to usual energy expenditure was estimated indirectly by body mass index (BMI). Results: It was found that 86.1% of the pregnant women had a per capita income lower than one minimum wage, 4.2% were smokers and 11.1% used alcohol during pregnancy. As regards consumption, carbohydrates and vitamin C had inadequacy prevalence lower than 2%, while vitamin A ranged from 30 to 50%. Calcium, iron, folate, and vitamin E had inadequacy prevalence higher than 98%. Considering that 38.9% of the pregnant women were overweight and 4.2%, underweight, it is assumed that the prevalence of energy intake inadequacy is high. Conclusion: There was a high inadequacy prevalence in the micronutrients calcium, iron, folate, and vitamin E intake in pregnant women, as well as high inadequacy of energy consumption – a disturbing situation, since it can trigger adverse consequences for the mother-baby binomial. doi: 10.5020/18061230.2014.p357Objetivo: Evaluar la prevalencia de la inadecuación del consumo de nutrientes por embarazadas asistidas en Unidades Básicas de Salud de Picos-PI, Brasil. Métodos: Estudio transversal con 72 embarazadas. Se recogieron datos sociodemográficos, del estilo de vida e informaciones sobre ingesta dietética a partir de 3 recordatorios de 24 horas. Se calculó las prevalencias de inadecuación para carbohidrato, calcio, hierro, vitaminas A, C, E y ácido fólico basándose en sus respectivas medias estimadas (EAR); se evaluó la adecuación de ingesta energética habitual respecto al gasto energético usual de modo indirecto a través del índice de masa corporal (IMC). Resultados: Se verificó que el 86,1% (n=62) de las embarazadas presentaban renta per capita menor que 1 sueldo mínimo, el 4,2% (n=3) fumaban y el 11,1% (n=8) tomaban bebida alcohólica en el embarazo. Respecto al consumo, los carbohidratos y la vitamina C tuvieron prevalencia de inadecuación menor que el 2% mientras que la vitamina A se quedó entre el 30% y el 50%. Calcio, hierro, ácido fólico y vitamina E tuvieron prevalencia de inadecuación mayor que el 98%. Considerando que el 38,9% (n=28) de las embarazadas tenían exceso de peso y el 4,2% (n=3) bajo peso, presúmase de elevada prevalencia del consumo inadecuado de energía. Conclusión: Hubo elevada prevalencia de inadecuación del consumo de los micronutrientes calcio, hierro, ácido fólico y vitamina E en las embarazadas además de la inadecuación del consumo energético – situación preocupante ya que puede desencadenar consecuencias adversas para el binomio madre-hijo. doi: 10.5020/18061230.2014.p357Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência da inadequação no consumo de nutrientes entre gestantes atendidas em Unidades Básicas de Saúde de Picos-PI, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal envolvendo 72 gestantes. Coletaram-se dados sociodemográficos e de estilo de vida, além de informações sobre ingestão dietética, a partir de 3 recordatórios alimentares de 24 horas. Calcularam-se prevalências de inadequação para carboidrato, cálcio, ferro, vitaminas A, C, E e ácido fólico, baseando-se em suas respectivas médias estimadas (EAR); avaliou-se a adequação da ingestão energética habitual em relação ao gasto energético usual indiretamente pelo índice de massa corporal (IMC). Resultados: Verificou-se que 86,1% (n=62) das gestantes apresentavam renda per capita inferior a 1 salário mínimo, 4,2% (n=3) fumavam e 11,1% (n=8) faziam uso de bebida alcoólica durante a gestação. No que se refere ao consumo, os carboidratos e a vitamina C tiveram prevalência de inadequação menor que 2%, enquanto a vitamina A ficou entre 30% e 50%. Cálcio, ferro, ácido fólico e vitamina E tiveram prevalência de inadequação maior que 98%. Ao considerar que 38,9% (n=28) das gestantes estavam com excesso de peso e 4,2% (n=3), com baixo peso, presume-se elevada prevalência de consumo inadequado de energia. Conclusão: Houve elevada prevalência de inadequação no consumo dos micronutrientes cálcio, ferro, ácido fólico e vitamina E nas gestantes, além de inadequação de consumo energético – situação preocupante, visto que pode desencadear consequências adversas para o binômio mãe-filho. doi: 10.5020/18061230.2014.p35

The relationship between cortisol concentrations in pregnancy and systemic vascular resistance in childhood

Objective. To assess the relationship between cortisol concentrations in the last trimester of pregnancy and systemic vascular resistance — SVR in childhood. Materials and methods. This study is part of a cohort involving 130 Brazilian pregnant women and their children, ages 5 to 7 years. Maternal cortisol was determined in saliva by an enzyme immunoassay utilizing the mean concentration of 9 samples of saliva (3 in each different day), collected at the same time, early in the morning. SVR was assessed by the HDI/PulseWave CR-2000 Cardiovascular Profiling System®. Socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and life style factors were determined by a questionnaire. The nutritional status of the women and children was assessed by the body mass index — BMI. The association between maternal cortisol and SVR in childhood was calculated by multivariate linear regression analysis. Results.There were statistically significant associations between maternal cortisol and SVR (p = 0.043) and BMI-z score of the children (p = 0.027), controlling for maternal BMI, birth weight, age, and gender of the children. Conclusion. As far as we know this is the first study in the literature assessing the association between cortisol concentrations in pregnancy and SVR in childhood. Overall, the data suggest that exposure to excess glucocorticoid in the prenatal period is associated to vascular complications in childhood, predisposing to cardiovascular diseases in later lifeFAPESP n. 04/04109-

Depression and nutritional status of elderly participants of the Hiperdia Program

Objective: evaluate the relationship between depression and nutritional status of elderly enrolled in the Hiperdia Program.Methods: cross-sectional study in 91 elderly submitted to nutritional assessment and a structured questionnaire forscreening depression, the Geriatric Depression Scale. Results: there was prevalence of women, 60-65 years old. There wasminimal or moderate depression in 61.5% and severe depression in 2.2%. Proportionally high values of waist circumferencewere identified (91.8%) and overweight (67.6%) in elderly patients with minimal or moderate depression. Conclusion:there is an increasing imbalance in the nutritional status among women with a risk of developing cardiovascular disease,as well as overweight. Elderly are under health risk related to depression. This suggests that despite being inserted in aprogram for control of chronic diseases, they must be accompanied by the health team to improve their quality of life

Fatores de risco cardiovascular e prevalência de síndrome metabólica em idosos

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in elderly patients seen at a Basic Health Unit (BHU) and the relationship between anthropometric, hemodynamic and biochemical measures. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 94 elderly seen at Cecilia de Sousa Neri UBS, in Picos, Piauí, in the period from August to October 2011. Weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were evaluated, and biochemical data was collected. The metabolic syndrome was characterized by the presence of three or more risk factors, in accordance with the National Cholesterol Education Program. The study applied t-test and Mann-Whitney test for comparison of means between the sexes, Pearson’s correlation between the anthropometric, hemodynamic and biochemical variables, and associations between variables using chi-square test, with 5% significance level. Results: Of the sample, 68.1% (n=64) were women. Mean WC was 102.4 ± 11.4 cm (males) and 96.2 ± 13.2 cm (females), (p=0.031). MS was diagnosed in 38.64% (n=34) of the participants, being 28.40% (n=25) for women (p=0.252). There was a significant correlation between weight and SBP (r=0.273; p=0.0076), weight and DBP (r=0.379; p=0.0002), WC and SBP (r=0.248; p=0.0158), WC and DBP (r=0.255; p=0.0129), BMI and SBP (r=0.294; p=0.0041), BMI and DBP (r=0.318; p=0.0018), weight and blood glucose (r=0.184; p=0.0855) and DBP and blood glucose (r=0.219; p=0.0403). Conclusion: There was high prevalence of MS, as well as positive relationships between the anthropometric variables, blood glucose, triglycerides and arterial blood pressure, showing the need for monitoring and control of these cardiovascular risk factors. doi: 10.5020/18061230.2014.p477Objetivo: Evaluar la prevalencia del síndrome metabólico (SM) en mayores asistidos en una Unidad Básica de Salud (UBS) y la relación entre medidas antropométricas, hemodinámicas y bioquímicas. Métodos: Estudio transversal con 94 mayores asistidos en la UBS Cecília de Sousa Neri, en Picos-PI, entre agosto y octubre de 2011. Fueron evaluados el peso, la altura, la circunferencia de la cintura (CC), la presión arterial sistólica (PAS) y diastólica (PAD); además, se recogió informaciones de los datos bioquímicos. Se consideró el síndrome metabólico (SM) cuando se identificaba tres o más factores de riesgo según el National Cholesterol Education Program. Se realizo la prueba t y de Mann-Whitney para comparación de medias entre los sexos, correlación de Pearson entre las variables antropométricas, hemodinámicas y bioquímicas y asociación de las variables a través de la prueba del Chi-cuadrado con nivel de significancia del 5%. Resultados: Muestra con el 68,1% (n=64) de mujeres. La media de CC fue de 102,4 ± 11,4cm (hombres) y 96,2 ± 13,2cm (mujeres), (p=0,031). El SM fue diagnosticado en el 38,64% (n=34) de los investigados con un 28,40% (n=25) en las mujeres (p=0,252). Hubo correlación significativa entre El peso y la PAS (r=0,273; p=0,0076), el peso y la PAD (r=0,379; p=0,0002), la CC y la PAS (r=0,248; p=0,0158), la CC y la PAD (r=0,255; p=0,0129), el IMC y la PAS (r=0,294; p=0,0041), El IMC y la PAD (r=0,318; p=0,0018), el peso y la glucosa (r=0,184; p=0,0855), la PAD y la glucosa (r=0,219; p=0,0403). Conclusión: Hubo elevada prevalencia del SM, además de relaciones positivas entre las variables antropométricas, glucemia, triglicéridos y presión arterial lo que sugiere la necesidad del control de esos factores de riesgo cardiovascular. doi: 10.5020/18061230.2014.p477Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência da síndrome metabólica (SM) em idosos atendidos em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) e a relação entre medidas antropométricas, hemodinâmicas e bioquímicas. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 94 idosos atendidos na UBS Cecília de Sousa Neri, em Picos-PI, no período de agosto a outubro de 2011. Foram avaliados peso, altura, circunferência da cintura (CC), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD); além disso, coletou-se informação sobre dados bioquímicos. Considerouse síndrome metabólica (SM) quando presentes três ou mais fatores de risco, segundo o National Cholesterol Education Program. Realizou-se o teste t e de Mann-Whitney, para comparação de médias entre os sexos, correlação de Pearson entre variáveis antropométricas, hemodinâmicas e bioquímicas, e associação entre as variáveis pelo teste qui-quadrado, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Amostra com 68,1% (n=64) de mulheres. A média de CC foi de 102,4 ± 11,4 cm (homens) e 96,2 ± 13,2 cm (mulheres), (p=0,031). A SM foi diagnosticada em 38,64% (n=34) dos pesquisados, sendo de 28,40% (n=25) para as mulheres (p=0,252). Houve correlação significativa entre peso e PAS (r=0,273; p=0,0076), peso e PAD (r=0,379; p=0,0002), CC e PAS (r=0,248; p=0,0158), CC e PAD (r=0,255; p=0,0129), IMC e PAS (r=0,294; p=0,0041), IMC e PAD (r=0,318; p=0,0018), peso e glicemia (r=0,184; p=0,0855), PAD e glicemia (r=0,219; p=0,0403). Conclusão: Houve elevada prevalência de SM, além de relações positivas entre variáveis antropométricas, glicemia, triglicerídeos e pressão arterial, o que mostra a necessidade de monitoramento e controle desses fatores de risco cardiovascular. doi: 10.5020/18061230.2014.p47

Association between weight at birth and body composition in childhood : a Brazilian cohort study.

Background and aim: Previous studies have shown that the association between birthweight and obesity later in life apparently follows a U-shaped curve. However, due to the continuous increase of mean birth weight in several countries worldwide, it is expected that higher birth weight will play a more important role as a risk factor for further obesity than low birth weight. This study investigated the association between birth weight and body composition of children in order to establish their relationship in an earlier period of life. Study design and subjects: Prospective cohort study carried out from1997 to 2006 in Jundiai city, Brazil, involving 486 children at birth and from 5 to 8 years of age. The following anthropometric measurements were determined: birth weight, weight, height, waist circumference and triceps skinfold thickness. Fat mass percentage, fatmass and fat-free masswere measured by electrical bioimpedance analysis by the 310 Body Composition Analyzer, Biodynamics?. Five multiple linear regression models were developed considering waist circumference, triceps skinfold thickness, fat mass percentage, fat mass and fat-free mass as markers of body composition, and outcomes. Results: Significant positive associations were observed between birth weight and waist circumference (p b 0.001), triceps skinfold thickness (p= 0.006), fat mass (p =0.007) and fat-free mass (p b 0.001). Approximately 10% of the children presented excess body fat assessed by bioimpedance, and 27.6% of them had central adiposity (waist circumference ?95th percentile). Conclusions: Intrauterine growth, assessed byweight at birth,was positively associatedwith body composition of children aged 5?8 years, indicating that thosewith the highest birthweight aremore at risk for obesity, and probably to chronic diseases in adulthood