Compact Polyelectrolyte Complexes: “Saloplastic” Candidates for Biomaterials

Precipitates of polyelectrolyte complexes were transformed into rugged shapes suitable for bioimplants by ultracentrifugation in the presence of high salt concentration. Salt ions dope the complex, creating a softer material with viscous fluid-like properties. Complexes that were compacted under the centrifugal field (CoPECs) were made from poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium), PDADMA, as polycation, and poly(styrene sulfonate), PSS, or poly(methacrylic acid), PMAA, as polyanion. Dynamic mechanical testing revealed a rubbery plateau at lower frequencies for PSS/PDADMA with moduli that decreased with increasing salt concentration, as internal ion pair cross-links were broken. CoPECs had significantly lower modulii compared to similar polyelectrolyte complexes prepared by the “multilayering ” method. The difference in mechanical properties was ascribed to higher water content (located in micropores) for the former and, more importantly, to their nonstoichiometric polymer composition. The modulus of PMAA/PDADMA CoPECs, under physiological conditions, demonstrated dynamic mechanical properties that were close to those of the nucleus pulposus in an intervertebral disk

Incident type 2 diabetes attributable to suboptimal diet in 184 countries

The global burden of diet-attributable type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not well established. This risk assessment model estimated T2D incidence among adults attributable to direct and body weight-mediated effects of 11 dietary factors in 184 countries in 1990 and 2018. In 2018, suboptimal intake of these dietary factors was estimated to be attributable to 14.1 million (95% uncertainty interval (UI), 13.814.4 million) incident T2D cases, representing 70.3% (68.871.8%) of new cases globally. Largest T2D burdens were attributable to insufficient whole-grain intake (26.1% (25.027.1%)), excess refined rice and wheat intake (24.6% (22.327.2%)) and excess processed meat intake (20.3% (18.323.5%)). Across regions, highest proportional burdens were in central and eastern Europe and central Asia (85.6% (83.487.7%)) and Latin America and the Caribbean (81.8% (80.183.4%)); and lowest proportional burdens were in South Asia (55.4% (52.160.7%)). Proportions of diet-attributable T2D were generally larger in men than in women and were inversely correlated with age. Diet-attributable T2D was generally larger among urban versus rural residents and higher versus lower educated individuals, except in high-income countries, central and eastern Europe and central Asia, where burdens were larger in rural residents and in lower educated individuals. Compared with 1990, global diet-attributable T2D increased by 2.6 absolute percentage points (8.6 million more cases) in 2018, with variation in these trends by world region and dietary factor. These findings inform nutritional priorities and clinical and public health planning to improve dietary quality and reduce T2D globally. (c) 2023, The Author(s)

Children's and adolescents' rising animal-source food intakes in 1990-2018 were impacted by age, region, parental education and urbanicity

Animal-source foods (ASF) provide nutrition for children and adolescents physical and cognitive development. Here, we use data from the Global Dietary Database and Bayesian hierarchical models to quantify global, regional and national ASF intakes between 1990 and 2018 by age group across 185 countries, representing 93% of the worlds child population. Mean ASF intake was 1.9 servings per day, representing 16% of children consuming at least three daily servings. Intake was similar between boys and girls, but higher among urban children with educated parents. Consumption varied by age from 0.6 at <1 year to 2.5 servings per day at 1519 years. Between 1990 and 2018, mean ASF intake increased by 0.5 servings per week, with increases in all regions except sub-Saharan Africa. In 2018, total ASF consumption was highest in Russia, Brazil, Mexico and Turkey, and lowest in Uganda, India, Kenya and Bangladesh. These findings can inform policy to address malnutrition through targeted ASF consumption programmes. (c) 2023, The Author(s)

The Effect of Chronic Otitis Externa-Media on Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials in Dogs

WOS: 000263226200018The objective of the study was to present normative Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials (BAEP) data elicited by both air-conducted clicks (30 100 dBHL) and bone conducted clicks (100 1.30 dBHL) for healthy dogs, and dogs with chronic otitis externa-media (COEM). The data were analyzed to acquire reference values in 55 normal dogs and to estimate the degree of hearing, impairment associated with the disease. Filly-four dogs with COLM were divided into two degrees of security. The first one included dogs with severe (n 16), and the second with moderate COFM (n 38). The recognisability wave V was found higher than the others at every stimulation level. Wave VII was not seen by the bone-conducted click at all stimulation levels. and also in cases with severe COLM by the air.-conducted click. Recognisability of wave V was seen more than 50%, at 60 dBHL in severe COEM. This ratio was seen at 30 dBHL in moderate COLM. In healthy dogs, the latencies of waves (I VII) were compared between the left and the right side, and there were no significant differences between each side except tiff I shorter latency of wave VI. In conclusion, COEM caused increasing latency rather than total deafness, and BAFP can be suggested as an ancillary diagnostic tool in car disorders.TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [VHAG 2003]This study was supported by TUBITAK as VHAG 2003

Magnetic resonance imaging findings in dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disk disease: 69 cases (1997-2005)

Besalti, Omer/0000-0002-7819-9094;WOS: 000235977300025PubMed: 16536704Objective-To determine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities in dogs with intervertebral disk disease (IVDD) and develop a classification scheme for IVDD in dogs based on MRI findings. Design-Retrospective case series. Animals-69 dogs. Procedure-Medical records of dogs admitted because of thoracolumbar IVDD in which MRI of T9 through L7 had been performed were reviewed. Results-A total of 759 intervertebral disk spaces were examined. Of these, 342 (45.1%) were classified as having a normal MRI appearance; the remaining 417 (54.9%) had various types of IVDD. Disk degeneration was identified in 276 disk spaces in 56 dogs, bulging of the intervertebral disk was identified in 37 disk spaces in 24 dogs, disk protrusion was identified in 54 disk spaces in 32 dogs, and disk extrusion was identified in 50 disk spaces in 48 dogs. Cartilage endplate changes were identified in 35 vertebrae in 17 dogs, and increased signal intensity of the spinal cord was identified in 21 dogs. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Four types of IVDD (disk degeneration, bulging of the intervertebral disk, disk protrusion, and disk extrusion) were identified on the basis of MRI findings in dogs with thoracolumbar IVDD. We recommend that a standardized nomenclature be adopted for the various types of thoracolumbar IVDD in dogs

A retrospective study on traumatic diaphragmatic hernias in cats

Besalti, Omer/0000-0002-7819-9094WOS: 000307987700005The purpose of the study was to evaluate the clinical and surgical findings of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia in 52 cats and to determine the association with mortality rate. The medical and surgical records of fifty two cats that underwent surgical repair for traumatic diaphragmatic hernia were reviewed retrospectively. Survival rate was 82.7% (43/52) in cats. The most frequently herniated organ was liver (81%). This was followed by small intestines (67%), stomach (48%), omentum (38.5%), spleen (25%), pancreas (13.5%) and large intestines (8%) respectively. Thirty-one cases had acute and 21 cases had chronic diaphragmatic hernia and mortality rate was 16.1% and 19% respectively. Although the majority of the rupture was in the right side, death was not recorded in these cases. The mortality rates according to the rupture sites were 57% in central, 24% in ventral and 19% in the left side. On the other hand, it was recorded that the mortality rate was associated with the amount of organ herniation. The more excessive amount of organ herniation resulted in higher mortality rate. It was concluded that mortality rate could be related to the location of hernia, amount of herniated organs and time from trauma to the surgery

Effects of epidural bupivacaine, bupivacaine-butorphanol and bupivacaine-morphine on postoperative analgesia for hind limb and pelvic orthopedic operations in dogs [Köpeklerde arka ekstremite ve pelvisin ortopedik operasyonlarında epidural bupivakain, bupivakain-butorfanol ve bupivakain-morfin uygulamasının postoperatif analjezi üzerine etkisi]

The aim of this study was to compare the postoperative analgesic effects of epidural bupivacaine, bupivacaine-butorphanol and bupivacaine-morphine in hind limb and pelvic orthopedic operations in dogs. Three groups each containing 10 dogs were formed. Through the lumbosacral space, group B was administered bupivacaine, 1 mg kg-1; group BB was administered bupivacaine, 1 mg kg-1 and butorphanol, 0.25 mg kg-1; and group BM was administered bupivacaine, 1 mg kg-1 and morphine, 0.1 mg kg-1. Anaesthesia was induced with diazepam (0.2 mg kg-1) and propofol (5 mg kg-1) and maintenance with isoflurane in oxygen. Pain assessment was performed with the University of Melbourne Pain Scale (UMPS) by a blinded observer. Plasma cortisol levels were measured preoperatively and postoperatively. Postoperative pain scores were significantly lower at 2 hours in the group BM, and at 8 and 12 hours in the groups BB and BM compared to the group B (P=0.007). Group BM had a lower plasma cortisol level than the group B at 2 hours (P=0.002). Bupivacaine-butorphanol and bupivacaine-morphine use were shown to provide longer analgesia in the postoperative period; and the epidural administration of bupivacaine-butorphanol and bupivacaine-morphine was considered to be potentially useful in clinical practice. © 2021, Chartered Inst. of Building Services Engineers. All rights reserved.2015/126This research was supported by the Scientific Research Project Coordination Unit of Kırıkkale University (2015/126)