13,232 research outputs found
On the structure of the scalar mesons and
We investigate the structure of the scalar mesons and
within realistic meson-exchange models of the and
interactions. Starting from a modified version of the J\"ulich model for
scattering we perform an analysis of the pole structure of the
resulting scattering amplitude and find, in contrast to existing models, a
somewhat large mass for the ( MeV,
MeV). It is shown that our model provides a description of
data comparable in quality with those of
alternative models. Furthermore, the formalism developed for the
system is consistently extended to the interaction leading to a
description of the as a dynamically generated threshold effect
(which is therefore neither a conventional state nor a
bound state). Exploring the corresponding pole position the
is found to be rather broad ( MeV,
MeV). The experimentally observed smaller width results from the influence of
the nearby threshold on this pole.Comment: 25 pages, 15 Postscript figure
Simulation of associative learning with the replaced elements model
Associative learning theories can be categorised according to whether they treat the representation of stimulus compounds in an elemental or configural manner. Since it is clear that a simple elemental approach to stimulus representation is inadequate there have been several attempts to produce more elaborate elemental models. One recent approach, the Replaced Elements Model (Wagner, 2003), reproduces many results that have until recently been uniquely predicted by Pearce’s Configural Theory (Pearce, 1994). Although it is possible to simulate the Replaced Elements Model using “standard” simulation programs the generation of the correct stimulus representation is complex. The current paper describes a method for simulation of the Replaced Elements Model and presents the results of two example simulations that show differential predictions of Replaced Elements and Pearce’s Configural Theor
Integrals of Motion for Critical Dense Polymers and Symplectic Fermions
We consider critical dense polymers . We obtain for this model
the eigenvalues of the local integrals of motion of the underlying Conformal
Field Theory by means of Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz. We give a detailed
description of the relation between this model and Symplectic Fermions
including the indecomposable structure of the transfer matrix. Integrals of
motion are defined directly on the lattice in terms of the Temperley Lieb
Algebra and their eigenvalues are obtained and expressed as an infinite sum of
the eigenvalues of the continuum integrals of motion. An elegant decomposition
of the transfer matrix in terms of a finite number of lattice integrals of
motion is obtained thus providing a reason for their introduction.Comment: 53 pages, version accepted for publishing on JSTA
Priming of soil microbial communities for N2O emissions in a long-term manure agricultural system with a change in nitrogen source
Non-Peer Reviewe
A Chandra Study of the Effects of a Major Merger on the Structure of Abell 2319
We present an analysis of a Chandra observation of the massive, nearby galaxy
cluster Abell 2319. A sharp surface brightness discontinuity--suggested by
previous, lower angular resolution X-ray imaging--is clearly visible in the
ACIS image. This roughly 300kpc feature suggests that a major merger is taking
place with a significant velocity component perpendicular to the line of sight.
The cluster emission-weighted mean temperature is 11.8+/-0.6kev, somewhat
higher than previous temperature measurements. The Chandra temperature map of
A2319 reveals substructure resembling that anticipated based on hydrodynamic
simulations of cluster mergers. The merger feature shows a pressure change
across the surface brightness discontinuity by a factor of <=2.5. The higher
density side of the front has a lower temperature, suggesting the presence of a
cold front similar to those in many other merging clusters. The velocity of the
front is roughly sonic.
We compare bulk properties of the ICM and galaxies in A2319 to the same
properties in a large sample of clusters as a way of gauging the effects of the
major merger. Interestingly, by comparing A2319 to a sample of 44 clusters
studied with the ROSAT PSPC we find that the X-ray luminosity, isophotal size,
and ICM mass are consistent with the expected values for a cluster of its
temperature; in addition, the K-band galaxy light is consistent with the
light--temperature scaling relation derived from a sample of about 100 clusters
studied with 2MASS. Together, these results indicate either that the merger in
A2319 has not been effective at altering the bulk properties of the cluster, or
that there are large but correlated displacements in these quantities.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, ApJ Submitte
Solvable Critical Dense Polymers
A lattice model of critical dense polymers is solved exactly for finite
strips. The model is the first member of the principal series of the recently
introduced logarithmic minimal models. The key to the solution is a functional
equation in the form of an inversion identity satisfied by the commuting
double-row transfer matrices. This is established directly in the planar
Temperley-Lieb algebra and holds independently of the space of link states on
which the transfer matrices act. Different sectors are obtained by acting on
link states with s-1 defects where s=1,2,3,... is an extended Kac label. The
bulk and boundary free energies and finite-size corrections are obtained from
the Euler-Maclaurin formula. The eigenvalues of the transfer matrix are
classified by the physical combinatorics of the patterns of zeros in the
complex spectral-parameter plane. This yields a selection rule for the
physically relevant solutions to the inversion identity and explicit finitized
characters for the associated quasi-rational representations. In particular, in
the scaling limit, we confirm the central charge c=-2 and conformal weights
Delta_s=((2-s)^2-1)/8 for s=1,2,3,.... We also discuss a diagrammatic
implementation of fusion and show with examples how indecomposable
representations arise. We examine the structure of these representations and
present a conjecture for the general fusion rules within our framework.Comment: 35 pages, v2: comments and references adde
The Organic Research Centre; Elm Farm Bulletin 84 July 2006
Regular bulletin with technical updates of the Organic Advisory Service
Issue contains:
Battling on for Avian Flu preventive vaccination; Organic Colombian Blacktail eggs;
UK Co-existence - GMOand non-GMO crops; Aspects of Poultry Behaviour; CAP in the service of biodiversity; Seeing the Wood, the Trees and the Catch 22; Beware of organic market "statistics"; A central role in energy review
How fast is a snail’s pace? The influences of size and substrate on gastropod speed of locomotion
Terrestrial gastropods display monotaxic direct crawling. During locomotion, smooth muscle contraction stimulates a series of pedal waves that move along the ventral surface of the foot. These waves interact with a thin layer of mucus produced by the foot, propelling the animal forward. Although the mechanism by which this process occurs has been well studied, less is known about how morphological or environmental factors affect this process, and ultimately how they may alter the speed of propulsion. In this study, we tested the influences of body size, substrate type, and substrate orientation on crawling speed in the terrestrial snail Cornu aspersum. We found that substrate texture and orientation had a strong effect on speed, whereas snail body size and the presence of a conspecific trail did not. Crawling speed across rough sandpaper was the most striking, showing a clear inversely proportional relationship between the size of abrasive particle and speed. We suggest that this may be the result of substrate attributes interfering with mucus adhesion or mucus production, subsequently affecting locomotion, although gait choice or the frequency and length of each pedal wave may also play a role.PostprintPeer reviewe
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