Asynchronous Circuit Synthesis by Direct Mapping: Interfacing to Environment

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Structural and mechanistic determinants of c-di-GMP signalling

Bis-(3'-5' -cyclic dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP) is a ubiquito us second messenger that regulates cell surface-associated traits in bacteria. Components of this regulatory network include GGDEF and EAL domain-containing proteins that det ermine the cellular concentrations of c-di-GMP by mediatin g its synthesis and degradation, respectively. Crystal str ucture analyses in combination with functional studies have revealed the catalytic mechanisms and regulatory princip les involved. Downstream, c-di-GMP is recognized by PilZ d omain-containing receptors that can undergo large-scale do main rearrangements on ligand binding. Here, we review rec ent data on the structure and functional properties of the protein families that are involved in c-di-GMP signalling and discuss the mechanistic implications

Asymmetric Cell Division in Plant Development

Plant embryogenesis creates a seedling with a basic body plan. Post-embryonically the seedling elaborates with a lifelong ability to develop new tissues and organs. As a result asymmetric cell divisions serve essential roles during embryonic and postembryonic development to generate cell diversity. This review highlights selective cases of asymmetric division in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and describes the current knowledge on fate determinants and mechanisms involved. Common themes that emerge are: 1. role of the plant hormone auxin and its polar transport machinery; 2. a MAP kinase signaling cascade and; 3. asymmetric segregating transcription factors that are involved in several asymmetric cell divisions