Analysis of bed joint influence on masonry modulus of elasticity

The means of determining the modulus of elasticity presented in technical literature often underestimate factors such as the influence of mechanical properties of the bed joint mortar and the influence of contact zone of the masonry unit and mortar on the elasticity modulus. Research carried out by the authors show that the modulus of elasticity of the bed joint considering influence of the contact zone (effective modulus of elasticity) is 3 to 25 times less than mortar modulus of elasticity, set by experimenting with samples in accordance with the requirements of the EN 1015-11 standard. The modulus of elasticity depends on the properties of mortar, masonry unit and bed joint thickness. This article discusses deformation properties of mortar in bed joints of calcium silicate block masonry. An analytical model determining mortar joint deformation properties is proposed, which considers a shift in mortar properties and the contact zone between mortar and the masonry unit. The masonry elasticity modulus values have been estimated applying the suggested method and comparing the results to the experimental values

Lepton Flavor Violation and Collider Searches in a Type I + II Seesaw Model

Neutrino are massless in the Standard Model. The most popular mechanism to generate neutrino masses are the type I and type II seesaw, where right-handed neutrinos and a scalar triplet are augmented to the Standard Model, respectively. In this work, we discuss a model where a type I + II seesaw mechanism naturally arises via spontaneous symmetry breaking of an enlarged gauge group. Lepton flavor violation is a common feature in such setup and for this reason, we compute the model contribution to the $\mu \rightarrow e\gamma$ and $\mu \rightarrow 3e$ decays. Moreover, we explore the connection between the neutrino mass ordering and lepton flavor violation in perspective with the LHC, HL-LHC and HE-LHC sensitivities to the doubly charged scalar stemming from the Higgs triplet. Our results explicitly show the importance of searching for signs of lepton flavor violation in collider and muon decays. The conclusion about which probe yields stronger bounds depends strongly on the mass ordering adopted, the absolute neutrino masses and which much decay one considers. In the 1-5 TeV mass region of the doubly charged scalar, lepton flavor violation experiments and colliders offer orthogonal and complementary probes. Thus if a signal is observed in one of the two new physics searches, the other will be able to assess whether it stems from a seesaw framework.Comment: 41 pages, 1 figure, 2 table

Comparison between damage detection methods applied to beam structures

Damage detection methods based on the dynamic measurements of structures are one of the most important techniques for damage evaluation in bridges. The methods considered in this study have been recognized as the most promising tools for damage detection in these structures. Some of these methods were applied during the deliberate damage of Z24 Bridge in Switzerland and I-24 Bridge in USA. These methods have been evaluated in different cases and therefore it is difficult to decide which method is the best for the particular purpose. The comparison of these methods will be done using simulations performed in a composite simply supported bridge. Almost all the methods provided good results when noise was not taken into account. However, accuracy of these methods is still limited when noise is present during acquisition of the dynamic response.(undefined

Decomposition of stochastic flows with automorphism of subbundles component

We show that given a $G$-structure $P$ on a differentiable manifold $M$, if the group $G(M)$ of automorphisms of $P$ is big enough, then there exists the quotient of an stochastic flows $phi_t$ by $G(M)$, in the sense that $\phi_t = \xi_t \circ \rho_t$ where $\xi_t \in G(M)$, the remainder $\rho_t$ has derivative which is vertical but transversal to the fibre of $P$. This geometrical context generalizes previous results where $M$ is a Riemannian manifold and $\phi_t$ is decomposed with an isometric component, see Liao \cite{Liao1} and Ruffino \cite{Ruffino}, which in our context corresponds to the particular case of an SO(n)-structure on $M$.Comment: To appear in Stochastics and Dynamics, 201

Módulo de elasticidade tangente inicial de argamassas confinadas triaxialmente : análise e previsão

Os principais parâmetros para análise dos mecanismos de ruptura nas alvenarias consideram o bloco sob tensão biaxial e argamassa sob tensão triaxial. Este estudo tem por objetivo discutir os resultados experimentais, para a determinação do módulo de elasticidade confinado, de Khoo (1972), Atkinson e Noland (1983) e Mohamad (1998) e comparar com os ensaios de prismas de Mohamad (1998). Como conclusão, nota-se que a relação entre a tensão confinante e a resistência à compressão da argamassa se mostrou ser fortemente linear. O módulo de elasticidade da argamassa diminuiu com o aumento da tensão lateral, para o traço de argamassa 1:1:6 nos estudos formulados por Khoo (1972) e Mohamad (1998), contrastando com os testes realizados por Atkinson e Noland (1983) que obteve um aumento no módulo de elasticidade em função da tensão confinante. O Poisson diminuiu com o aumento das tensões laterais. Esta diminuição aparenta ser exponencial para argamassa 1:1:6 e linear para o traço 1:0.25:3. O modelo para previsão da relação entre o módulo de elasticidade confinado não representou os ensaios experimentais em prismas na sua totalidade, isto talvez se deva ao caráter granular e a porosidade do material

Influência da junta vertical no comportamento mecânico da alvenaria de blocos de concreto

O objetivo principal deste trabalho é verificar, com os ensaios de compressão de diferentes prismas, as deformabilidades verticais, horizontais e os modos de rupturas dos componentes de blocos de concreto à compressão. No trabalho foram testados dois traços de argamassas, conforme o recomendado pela BS-5628 [1], e dois tipos de prismas com e sem a presença da junta vertical. As conclusões obtidas foram: o surgimento das não-linearidades da alvenaria corresponde ao aumento das deformações laterais devido à extensiva fissuração do material e a um aumento progressivo do coeficiente de Poisson; as fissuras dos prismas de três blocos construídos com a argamassa de traço I foram verticais, acontecendo de forma simétrica em ambos os lados; os prismas construídos com argamassa do tipo II tiveram, por conseqüência do esmagamento localizado, uma associação de trincas verticais devido à concentração de tensões em alguns pontos; a presença da junta vertical de assentamento levou ao surgimento de fissuras de separação entre o meio bloco e a junta vertical de argamassa, quando a tensão atingiu aproximadamente 30% da resistência à compressão do conjunto; os prismas de dois blocos inteiros e uma junta vertical (B) construídos com a argamassa de traço I e II apresentaram um nível de resistência à compressão da ordem de 42% e 66% dos prismas de três blocos inteiros (A), respectivamente

Juntas verticais : influência no comportamento mecânico da alvenaria estrutural

O objetivo principal deste trabalho é verificar, com os ensaios de compressão de diferentes prismas, as deformabilidades verticais, horizontais e os modos de rupturas dos componentes de blocos de concreto à compressão. No trabalho foram testados dois traços de argamassas, conforme o recomendado pela norma BS-5628, e dois tipos de prismas com e sem a presença da junta vertical

Mechanical behavior assessment of concrete block masonry prisms under compression

The aim of this work is to critically assess a stress-strain model using experimental masonry prisms constructed from different blocks and mortar. The following conclusion may be drawn from this work: mortar is mostly responsible for the non-linear behavior of masonry. The initial tangent modulus, obtained taking into account the compressive strength, provides a strongly non-linear relationship between elasticity modulus and compressive strength