Differentiation-Induced Remodelling of Store-Operated Calcium Entry Is Independent of Neuronal or Glial Phenotype but Modulated by Cellular Context

Neurogenesis is a complex process leading to the generation of neuronal networks and glial cell types from stem cells or intermediate progenitors. Mapping subcellular and molecular changes accompanying the switch from proliferation to differentiation is vital for developing therapeutic targets for neurological diseases. Neuronal (N-type) and glial (S-type) phenotypes within the SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line have distinct differentiation responses to 9-cis-retinoic acid (9cRA). In both cell phenotypes, these were accompanied at the single cell level by an uncoupling of Ca2+ store release from store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), mediated by changes in the expression of calcium release-activated calcium pore proteins. This remodelling of calcium signalling was moderated by the predominant cell phenotype within the population. N- and S-type cells differed markedly in their phenotypic stability after withdrawal of the differentiation inducer, with the phenotypic stability of S-type cells, both morphologically and with respect to SOCE properties, in marked contrast to the lability of the N-type phenotype. Furthermore, the SOCE response of I-type cells, a presumed precursor to both N- and S-type cells, varied markedly in different cell environments. These results demonstrate the unique biology of neuronal and glial derivatives of common precursors and suggest that direct or indirect interactions between cell types are vital components of neurogenesis that need to be considered in experimental models.</p

Canine visceral leishmaniasis: study of methods for the detection of IgG in serum and eluate samples

The Brazilian Ministry of Health recommends the culling and euthanasia of dogs with a positive serological test for canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). In the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro, the technique used for the diagnosis of CVL is the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), using blood samples eluted on filter paper (eluate). A dog survey was conducted over a period of one year in the region of Carapiá, in order to evaluate the diagnosis of CVL in this region. All animals underwent clinical examination, and blood samples (serum and eluate) were collected for analysis by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) and IFAT. A skin biopsy was obtained for parasitological examination (culture). A total of 305 animals were studied and Leishmania chagasi was isolated from nine animals. Sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 96.6% for ELISA, respectively, 100% and 65.5% for IFAT (cut-off at a 1:40 dilution), 100% and 83.4% for IFAT (cut-off at a 1:80 dilution), and 22.2% and 97.0% for eluate IFAT. In conclusion, ELISA was the best tool for the diagnosis of CVL among the serological techniques tested. The present results suggest the need for a better evaluation of filter paper IFAT as the only diagnostic method for CVL in the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro.O Ministério da Saúde recomenda a eutanásia de cães sororreatores como controle da leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC). No Município do Rio de Janeiro, a técnica utilizada para o diagnóstico da LVC é o teste de imunofluorescência indireta (IFI), utilizando amostras de sangue eluídas em papel de filtro (eluato). Um levantamento, durante um ano, foi conduzido na região de Carapiá, a fim de avaliar o diagnóstico da LVC nesta região. Todos os animais foram submetidos a exame clínico e coleta de sangue (soro e eluato) para realização do ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA) e imunofluorescência indireta (IFI). Biópsia de pele foi obtida para o exame parasitológico (cultura). Foram avaliados 305 (89,4%) animais de uma população de 341 cães e Leishmania chagasi foi isolada de nove animais. A sensibilidade e especificidade do ELISA foram de 100% e 96,6%, na IFI (ponto de corte 1:40) de 100% e 65,5%, na IFI (ponto de corte 1:80) de 100% e 83,4% e na IFI (eluato) de 22,2% e 97,0%, respectivamente. A partir dos resultados obtidos podemos concluir que entre as técnicas sorológicas empregadas, o teste de ELISA apresentou-se como a melhor ferramenta para o diagnóstico da LVC. Os resultados sugerem a necessidade de uma melhor avaliação do teste de IFI realizada com eluato, como único método de diagnóstico para LVC no município do Rio de Janeiro

ENSINO DAS HABILIDADES DO PENSAMENTO CRÍTICO POR MEIO DE PROBLEM BASED LEARNING

Objetivo: analizar comparativamente la percepción de estudiantes de enfermería, en dos clases, sobre la enseñanza implícita del pensamiento crítico en un curso de soporte básico de vida. Método: intervención educativa, con abordaje cualitativo, fundamentada en la teoría históricocultural. En el estudio participaron 102 estudiantes, siendo 52 en el grupo de intervención, que fueron enseñados por medio de la metodología del Problem Based Learning asociada a cuestiones orientadoras, y 50 en el grupo control, enseñados sólo con el Problem Based Learning. Los datos fueron recolectados de 12 a 30 de noviembre de 2015, en la Universidad Federal de Viçosa, a través de cuestionario sociodemográfico, instrumento evaluativo y entrevistas semiestructuradas. El instrumento de evaluación y las entrevistas fueron exploradas por el análisis de contenido de Bardin. Resultados: el curso movilizó habilidades de pensamiento crítico en los estudiantes de ambos grupos. Sin embargo, en el grupo de intervención, expusieron con más claridad percepciones sobre las características de un pensador crítico. En el grupo control, al que se aplicó sólo la metodología del Problem Based Learning, los estudiantes mencionaron la adquisición de habilidades técnicas. En el grupo de intervención, al que se aplicó la metodología del Problem Based Learning asociada a las cuestiones orientadoras, además de las habilidades técnicas, los estudiantes relataron habilidades de un pensador crítico. Conclusión: el análisis comparativo permite concluir que metodologías de enseñanza movilizadoras del pensamiento crítico se vuelven mediadoras en el desarrollo y perfeccionamiento de las funciones mentales superiores en la enseñanza, abarcando capacidades cognitivas y metacognitivas. El estudio representa contribución y avance en el ámbito de la enseñanza de enfermería, considerando que las cuestiones se suman a las tecnologías de educación en salud