Site formation and faunal remains of the Middle Pleistocene site Bilzingsleben

Bilzingsleben is internationally known as a palaeontological, palaeoanthropological and archaeological reference site of a Middle Pleistocene Interglacial (Holstein). From 1969 until 2003 Dietrich Mania excavated almost 1800 m2 and retrieved several tons of faunal material which he interpreted as remains of human hunting. In order to confirm this interpretation, three areas were excavated between 2004 and 2007. The aim of the present study is to add to an understanding of the site formation processes by an analysis of the stratigraphy and taphonomy of the faunal remains of these recent excavations. In addition, the already published results of the faunal investigations of the former excavations were assembled and are presented. The stratigraphic relationships of the former excavation were confirmed. In addition, the relative abundance of the different species is very similar for the former and recent excavations, with the predominance of rhinoceros and red deer, followed by beaver and bear with significantly fewer remains, while bovid, horse and elephant remains are very rare. Also very rare are bird and fish remains, while mid-sized mammals are absent. The frequencies of the skeletal elements demonstrate, at least for the two dominant species, that all elements were present and became incorporated into the find bearing layer. Traces on the surfaces of the bones that, according to their morphology and position on the bones, must be identified as human-made cut-marks, are very rare. Taken together this indicates that the faunal remains have to be considered as natural components of the Interglacial palaeo-landscape. However, incorporated in the find-bearing layer are also local stones including flint, as well as pre-Pleistocene ostracods and fish remains. This means that parts of still older sediments were also reworked. The non-selective recovery and three-dimensional recording of all faunal remains during the recent excavations revealed a vertical distribution of over 1 m in depth, independent of animal species and size. Furthermore, in areas where the find-bearing layer is inclined the obliquely embedded elements show a preferred orientation towards the slope of the layer. This all points towards an embedding of the faunal remains under the influence of fluvial, terrestrial and limnic processes

ANALYSIS THE INFLUENCE OF AVERAGE LENGTH OF SCHOOL AND EDUCATION LEVEL OF WORKERS AGAINST POVERTY TN SOUTH SULAWESI

Abstract: This research analyze the influence of the average length of school and education levels of workers proxies with no education, elementary school, junior high school, senior high school and Bachelor degree against poverty. This research is a study of population with a total of 23 districts / cities in South Sulawesi during the years 2004 to 2013 (10 years). Data used in the study used panel data using simultaneous equation model with TSLS approach (Two Stage Least Square). The results of the analysis showed that increasing the level of education attained by the population of South Sulawesi is seen from the average length of the school will have an impact reducing unemployment and poverty. Any increase in the average amount of duration of length school for population school-age population 15 years and over in the district / city of South Sulawesi has the potential to reduce poverty. Then any reduction in the number of workers with no educational level until the same level of senior high school level will likely reduce poverty. Likewise, each an increase in the number of workers with bachelor degree level will likely reduce poverty in 23 districts / cities in South Sulawesi. Keywords: Average Length of School, Level of Education Workers, Poverty

PENGARUH KOMPOSISI MEDIA TANAM (TOP SOIL ULTISOL, PASIR DAN PUPUK KANDANG KAMBING) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT PORANG (AMORPHOPHALUS MUELLERI)

This study aims to determine the effect of planting media (Top soil Ultisol, Sand and Goat Manure) on the growth of Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri) seedlings. This study used a non-factorial randomized block design (RAK). The treatment factor was the composition of the growing media which consisted of 7 levels of treatment, namely: A = Topsoil ultisol 100%, B = 100% goat manure, C = 100% sand, D = Topsoil ultisol + goat manure + sand (1 : 1: 1 : 1), E = Topsoil ultisol + goat manure + sand (1 : 2: 1), F = Topsoil ultisol + goat manure + sand (2 : 1: 1), G = Topsoil ultisol + goat manure + sand ( 1:1:2). The parameters observed were the percentage of germination, plant height, stem diameter and leaf area of the plant. Based on the results of the study, it can be stated that the composition of a mixture of topsoil ultisol, goat manure and sand has a significant effect on the growth of porang seedlings. The best growth of porang seedlings was found in the composition of topsoil, sand and goat manure with a ratio of 1: 1: 2 (E). The application of goat manure and sand on top soil ultisol had a significant effect on plant height, stem diameter and leaf area, but had no significant effect on the percentage of seedling growth

The Influence of market orientation, Innovation, and Entrepreneurial competence on competitiveness and Performance of Small And medium Enterprises of Silk weaving Industry

This study is designed to examine and analyze the influence of market orientation, innovation, and entrepreneurial competence on competitiveness and performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) of silk weaving industry in Wajo Regency, South Sulawesi Province (Indonesia). The populations in this study are 154 owners or managers of silk weaving industry in Wajo District, in which the return rate is 63.64%. The convenience sampling technique is used in which the number of the sample is 98 owners or managers. The results of the PLS Warp analysis which is 5.0 provide evidence that market orientation, innovation, and entrepreneurial competence affect competitiveness significantly. However, market orientation and innovation have no significant effect on SMEs performance. The high competence of entrepreneurs is proven to improve the performance of SMEs same with high competitiveness

Model of Poverty Reduction by Strengthening Institutional Cooperatives for Coastal Areas of South Sulawesi

Abstract— This research is an applied research using qualitative approach. Data collection used in-depth interview technique was used to gather information from fisherman in Jeneponto, Bulukumba, Pangkep and Barru districts. Besides conducting in-depth interviews, documentation of data is also done through library and secondary data through related institutions in 4 sample research areas. The result of the research shows that the majority of the fishermen who live in the coastal áreas are willing to work hard, have a rather low level of self discipline, independence and responsibility. Further, fishermen cooperative institution is seemed as needed to help fishermen for access of capital and marketing their seabased products. Keywords—Coastal Communities, Institutional Cooperatives, Empowermen

PENGARUH LUAS LAHAN, TENAGA KERJA, BIBIT DAN PUPUK TERHADAP PRODUKSI CENGKEH DI DESA SEPPONG KECAMATAN TAMMERODO KABUPATEN MAJENE

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besar pengaruh luas lahan, tenaga kerja, bibit dan pupuk terhadap produksi cengkeh di Desa Seppong Kecamatan Tammerodo Kabupaten Majene. Waktu penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret sampai dengan April 2020. Penelitian ini dikategorikan sebagai penelitian Deskriptif Kauntitatif dengan sampel 54 responden yang merupakan petani cengkeh di Desa Seppong Kecamatan Tammerodo Kabupaten Majene. Data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan data primer, wawancara dan kusioner serta data sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan (bersama-sama) variabel independen berpengaruh nyata terhadap variabel dependen. Dari hasil uji parsial ternyata terdapat 2 variabel yang berpengaruh nyata terhadap produksi cengkeh di Desa Seppong yaitu luas lahan dan pupuk, sedangkan variabel tenaga kerja dan bibit berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap produksi cengkeh di Desa Seppong Kecamatan Tammerodo Kabupaten Majene

Pengaruh Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, Empathy dan Tangibles Terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen GrabBike

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy dan tangibles terhadap kepuasan konsumen pengguna jasa transportasi online GrabBike pada mahasiswa Prodi Pendidikan Ekonomi UNM. Penelitian menggunakan metode survey dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa pengguna jasa transportasi online GrabBike mulai dari angkatan 2016-2019 sebanyak 206 orang. Penarikan sampel dengan teknik sample random sampling sebanyak 67 orang. Instrument yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data adalah angket, observasi dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi berganda dan pengujian hipotesis dengan uji t dan uji F. Pengolahan data menggunakan software SPPS Versi 21 for windows. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy dan tangibles secara parsial berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan konsumen pengguna jasa transportasi online GrabBike. Secara simultan terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan antara variabel reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy dan tangibles terhadap kepuasan konsumen pengguna jasa transportasi online GrabBike

Developing a global perspective on improving agricultural nitrogen use

Nitrogen (N) fertilisers help ensure food security for many regions in the world, but excess or inappropriate use can have serious impacts on both human and environmental health (e.g. threatening air, soil, and water quality, reducing biodiversity and disrupting of greenhouse gas balance). While losses are exacerbated by the decoupling of animal and crop production systems, there are many opportunities to reduce N pollution and increase productivity simultaneously. On the 26th and 27th of March 2015, delegates from diverse backgrounds met at the Second BASF Fireside Chat to discuss these issues and explore possible solutions. Stakeholders from some regions emphasised the desire to avoid simplistic regulations, encouraging the empowerment of farmers to develop their own solutions. Other regions highlighted the need for more effective government intervention. This applied both for adoption of emission mitigation methods in regions of excess, as well as for good governance and infrastructure to improve fertiliser supply in regions of too little. A core message was that, although strategies to increase N use efficiency vary between global regions, there are substantial common themes, the shared development of which could greatly strengthen global action. These challenges are now being taken up by the International Nitrogen Initiative and the United Nations Environment Programme. With financial support from the Global Environment Facility, they are working towards an International Nitrogen Management System (INMS) to provide coordinated scientific support for international N policy-making