Review of \u3ci\u3eNative Historians Write Back: Decolonizing American Indian History\u3c/i\u3e edited by Susan A. Miller and James Riding In

Susan Miller and James Riding In position this anthology as the first to collect historical work from Native scholars participating in an Indigenous discourse -an academic conversation rooted in North American Indigenous thought and, they claim, global Indigenous thought. If your essentialism alarm bells are ringing, it is for good reason. Ignore the alarms long enough to work your way through the entire anthology and you will find rich, complicated, vibrant historical analysis and critique from Indigenous historians working in Canada and the United States. The introduction and framing essays by Susan Miller in part 1 elaborate on the idea of an Indigenous paradigm in the historiography of Native North America. Although clothed in essentialist language and thinking, her essays provide some provocative and vital analysis. By the end, the authority of the works collected here will force you to productively rethink aspects of Miller\u27s framing essays advocating for methodologies that centralize Native historical narrative and experience

Review of \u3ci\u3eNative Historians Write Back: Decolonizing American Indian History\u3c/i\u3e edited by Susan A. Miller and James Riding In

Susan Miller and James Riding In position this anthology as the first to collect historical work from Native scholars participating in an Indigenous discourse -an academic conversation rooted in North American Indigenous thought and, they claim, global Indigenous thought. If your essentialism alarm bells are ringing, it is for good reason. Ignore the alarms long enough to work your way through the entire anthology and you will find rich, complicated, vibrant historical analysis and critique from Indigenous historians working in Canada and the United States. The introduction and framing essays by Susan Miller in part 1 elaborate on the idea of an Indigenous paradigm in the historiography of Native North America. Although clothed in essentialist language and thinking, her essays provide some provocative and vital analysis. By the end, the authority of the works collected here will force you to productively rethink aspects of Miller\u27s framing essays advocating for methodologies that centralize Native historical narrative and experience

Book Review: Disruptive Grace: Reflection on God, Scripture, and the Church

This collection of essays by significant Old Testament scholar Walter Brueggemann stems from his many public appearances between 2002 and 2009. Brueggemann orders his reflections around the themes of God, Scripture, and the Church by dividing them into four parts: Torah, Prophets, Writings, and Canon and Imagination. Especially inspiring is his use of a wide range of scriptures in order to honor the multi-vocality of the Old Testament. Additionally, Brueggemann adeptly shows that he reads the Old Testament from the foot of the cross as he expertly weaves New Testament passages into his various arguments. Brueggemann uses his skills to argue that just as the priestly, Deuteronomistic, and prophetic traditions were struggling with their conceptions of God in the midst of dominating empires, the present day Church must continue to struggle with its conception of God in the face of continued exclusionary absolutism in order to imagine an alternative reality

B cells are capable of independently eliciting rapid reactivation of encephalitogenic CD4 T cells in a murine model of multiple sclerosis

<div><p>Recent success with B cell depletion therapies has revitalized efforts to understand the pathogenic role of B cells in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Using the adoptive transfer system of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model of MS, we have previously shown that mice in which B cells are the only MHCII-expressing antigen presenting cell (APC) are susceptible to EAE. However, a reproducible delay in the day of onset of disease driven by exclusive B cell antigen presentation suggests that B cells require optimal conditions to function as APCs in EAE. In this study, we utilize an <i>in vivo</i> genetic system to conditionally and temporally regulate expression of MHCII to test the hypothesis that B cell APCs mediate attenuated and delayed neuroinflammatory T cell responses during EAE. Remarkably, induction of MHCII on B cells following the transfer of encephalitogenic CD4 T cells induced a rapid and robust form of EAE, while no change in the time to disease onset occurred for recipient mice in which MHCII is induced on a normal complement of APC subsets. Changes in CD4 T cell activation over time did not account for more rapid onset of EAE symptoms in this new B cell-mediated EAE model. Our system represents a novel model to study how the timing of pathogenic cognate interactions between lymphocytes facilitates the development of autoimmune attacks within the CNS.</p></div

The Resilient Families Project @ Wayside’s Hotel Louisville: Strategies for Building Resilience, Mindfulness & Happiness in At-Risk Adults

The Resilient Families Project (RFP) provides educational experiences to strengthen evidence-based habits of resilience, mindfulness, and happiness in at-risk individuals. RFP holds programs for adults facing homelessness and women in drug/alcohol recovery who are housed by Wayside Christian Mission in their Emergency Shelter or Hotel Louisville. RFP programs work to promote healthy attachment relations, a sense of belonging/purpose, and interactive reading, and children’s storybooks serve as the foundation for designing programs. The book “The Boy, The Mole, The Fox, and The Horse\u27\u27 was reviewed through content analysis to emphasize diversity, equity, and inclusion, as well as RFP Core Ideas. Thanks to the Gheen’s Foundation Grant awarded by UofL’s Office of Community Engagement, we were able to provide this book, as well as program T-shirts and other materials for participants. This presentation will describe the partnership between our department, key Wayside staff, and our RFP team (composed of current UofL students, alumni, faculty, and community volunteers). Feedback received via participant surveys where we discuss the program, troubleshoot challenges/issues, and work to best meet the needs of participants will be included. Connections of our work to Little Free Libraries (LFL) will also be addressed, as RFP is steward to five LFL’s in Louisville. RFP established the first LFL on UofL’s campus and we are proud to be celebrating the grand opening of UofL’s first diversity, equity, and inclusion focused LFL, to be housed in our department. Finally, lessons learned, current project needs, recruitment efforts, and directions for the future will be described

“Safe” Spaces? Vegan ideologies and farm animal sanctuaries

Farm animal sanctuaries in North America are spaces that have been created by humans who want to provide refuge for farm animals who are not normally considered to be companion animals. Within these ostensibly safe spaces, humans and the rescued animals can develop a relationship similar to human-human friendship. These spaces may be free of violence, but humans still control the animals, thus limiting the choices of the non-humans and reinforcing hierarchical relations (Emel, et al., 2015). Are sanctuaries safe spaces? What is a safe space for domesticated animals? Do safe spaces exist? To answer these questions, this thesis is an exploratory study of two farm animal sanctuaries in Eastern Ontario. Because the concept of safe spaces for animals is novel in the academic literature, this thesis builds from existing definitions of safe spaces for humans: spaces that are free of control, protected from outside society and places where unspoken hierarchies can be challenged (Evans & Boyt, 1992; Gamson, 1996; Roestone Collective, 2014). The thesis also draws on a modified version of Rhoda Wilkie’s (2005) concept of “attached attachment”, linking this concept to vegan ideologies and placing impartialness towards sentient beings at one end of the spectrum and emotional concern at the other end. Wilkie’s farmer-animal associations are employed using a slightly different angle, questioning if animal sanctuaries can be considered safe spaces if volunteers do not exhibit an “attached attachment” with the animals. Using theoretical insights developed in the field of sociology, geography, environmental studies and ethology, this research will contribute to animal geography as a grounded perspective on farm sanctuaries and safe spaces, two topics that have been largely overlooked. The findings of this research describe farm animal sanctuaries and the people who care for the animals within these spaces. The research finds that vegan ideologies tend to play a role in the foundations of sanctuaries; however, they do not shape all sanctuary spaces. The research also finds that farm sanctuaries may be free of violence, but the animals are still controlled by humans. The safeness is limited at sanctuaries due to the hierarchical divide. This thesis concludes that farm animal sanctuaries are indeed safe spaces for animals, but with limitations

Changes in the volatile profile of skim milk powder prepared under different processing conditions and the impact on the volatile flavor profile of model white chocolate

The objective of this work is to determine the extent to which changes in the skim milk powder (SMP) manufacturing process alter the volatile profile of SMP, and whether these changes are carried through to a final product when the SMP is used as an ingredient and subjected to further processing. The manufacture of SMP is a multistage process involving a preliminary concentration step, heat treatment and a drying stage. However, the methods and conditions used by the industry are not standardized, and the inherent variability in the production of SMP has consequences for the end-users, such as the confectionery industry, where the SMP is used as an ingredient during the production of milk chocolate, white chocolate and caramel. This study investigates the impact of each stage of the manufacturing process on the concentration of reducing sugars and available amino groups (as precursors of the Maillard reaction) as well as on the volatile products of the Maillard reaction and lipid degradation. Eight types of SMP were produced using combinations of different processing conditions: concentration (by evaporation or reverse osmosis), heat treatment (low heat or high heat) and drying (spray-drying or freeze-drying). Maillard precursors were quantified after each processing stage and volatile compounds were extracted using solid-phase microextraction, and analyzed by GC-MS. The resulting SMPs were incorporated into a model white chocolate system, produced under varying conching conditions. We demonstrate not only that changes in the SMP manufacturing conditions affect the volatile profile of SMP, but also that these differences can be carried through to a final product when the SMP is used to prepare a model white chocolate. Understanding these differences is important to the industry for controlling the flavor of the end product

Global Outsourcing: A Study of Student Attitudes

The practice of global outsourcing by U.S.A. companies is frequently the source of heated debate. Recently a Wall Street Journal-NBC News poll found that 86% of Americans believe that outsourcing is the number one factor contributing to the country’s continuing economic distress. This study presents the results of a survey designed to assess the attitudes toward global outsourcing among business students and non business students at a large regional university in the Southeast U.S.A. A survey of attitudes toward global outsourcing was administered to 284 undergraduate and graduate students. Descriptive statistics, frequencies and MANOVA methods were used to analyze the data collected. Statistically significant differences with attitudes were found among the students\u27 level of knowledge, age, gender, major, and classification. The results indicate business majors are more positive toward global outsourcing than are non-business majors. Another finding is that older students (\u3e25) and MBA students are more pessimistic toward global outsourcing. Those “older” and MBA’s were mostly concerned with the impact of such outsourcing on jobs. Implications for teaching international business are discussed

Global Outsourcing: A Study of Student Attitudes

This paper presents the results of a survey designed to assess students’ attitudes toward global outsourcing. A survey of attitudes toward outsourcing jobs abroad was administered to 284 undergraduate and graduate university students. Descriptive statistics, frequencies and MANOVA methods were used to analyze the data collected. Statistically significant differences with attitudes were found among the students’ level of knowledge, age, gender, major, and classification. Essentially what was learned is that overall, business majors are more positive toward global outsourcing than are non-business majors. However, it was also learned that older students (\u3e25) and MBA students are more pessimistic toward global outsourcing. Those “older” and MBA’s were mostly concerned with the impact of such outsourcing on jobs. Implications for teaching international business are also discussed

The impact of the skim milk powder manufacturing process on the flavor of model white chocolate

Milk powder is an important ingredient in the confectionary industry but its variable nature has consequences for the quality of the final confectionary product. This paper demonstrates that skim milk powders (SMP) produced using different (but typical) manufacturing processes, when used as ingredients in the manufacture of model white chocolates, had a significant impact on the sensory and volatile profiles of the chocolate. SMP was produced from raw bovine milk using either low or high heat treatment, and a model white chocolate was prepared from each SMP. A directional discrimination test with naïve panellists showed that the chocolate prepared from the high heat SMP had more caramel/fudge character (p<0.0001), and sensory profiling with an expert panel showed an increase in both fudge (p<0.05) and condensed milk (p<0.05) flavor. GC-MS and GC-Olfactometry of both the SMPs and the model chocolates showed a concomitant increase in Maillard-derived volatiles which are likely to account for this change in flavor