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Not AvailableDecalepis hamitonii Wight and Arn. is an important RET medicinal climber which is over exploited from its natural habitat for its high valued roots. The roots are extensively used in folk and Ayurvedic medicines mainly as blood purifier and hepatoprotective compound due to the presence of 2-hydroxyl-4-methoxy benzaldehyde (HMB). The work on propagation and storage of seeds in this plant species is meagre for extending the cultivation and conservation. Therefore, the present study was taken up. The two factorial experiment was conducted on the effect of media (top paper, between paper and cocopeat) and temperature (20/ 30oC, 20oC, 30oC) on seed germination. Results revealed that the seeds placed at 20/ 30oC, tested on between paper method has recorded maximum germination percentage (96.00%), root length (6.48 cm) and seedling vigour index (955.77). Whereas, shoot length (10.40 cm), seedling length (16.14 cm), fresh (91.16 mg) and dry weight (8.76 mg) of seedling was maximum in the seeds placed at 30oC temperature sown in cocopeat. No germination was recorded when the seeds were placed at 20oC temperature sown in cocopeat. In an another experiment comprising of three factorial storage study on effect of moisture content (8% and 6%), packaging material (aluminium pouch, polythene cover and butter paper cover) and storage temperature (ambient temperature and 15oC) revealed that the seeds having 8% moisture packed in polythene cover and stored at 15oC recorded maximum shoot length, seedling length and seedling vigour index I of 7.57 cm, 14.70 cm and 1373, respectively. Shoot was not grown and minimum seedling length and seedling vigour index I of 3.60 cm and 172, respectively was recorded in the seeds having 6 per cent moisture, packed in butter paper bag and stored at 15oC up to 90 days of storage. Therefore, seeds kept for germination on between paper and placed at 20/30oC recorded germination. Whereas, seeds having 8% moisture, stored at 15oC packed with polythene and aluminium pouch was found better for maintaining viability and vigour up to 90 days of storage.Not Availabl

Stoma-free survival after anastomotic leak following rectal cancer resection: worldwide cohort of 2470 patients

Background: The optimal treatment of anastomotic leak after rectal cancer resection is unclear. This worldwide cohort study aimed to provide an overview of four treatment strategies applied. Methods: Patients from 216 centres and 45 countries with anastomotic leak after rectal cancer resection between 2014 and 2018 were included. Treatment was categorized as salvage surgery, faecal diversion with passive or active (vacuum) drainage, and no primary/secondary faecal diversion. The primary outcome was 1-year stoma-free survival. In addition, passive and active drainage were compared using propensity score matching (2: 1). Results: Of 2470 evaluable patients, 388 (16.0 per cent) underwent salvage surgery, 1524 (62.0 per cent) passive drainage, 278 (11.0 per cent) active drainage, and 280 (11.0 per cent) had no faecal diversion. One-year stoma-free survival rates were 13.7, 48.3, 48.2, and 65.4 per cent respectively. Propensity score matching resulted in 556 patients with passive and 278 with active drainage. There was no statistically significant difference between these groups in 1-year stoma-free survival (OR 0.95, 95 per cent c.i. 0.66 to 1.33), with a risk difference of -1.1 (95 per cent c.i. -9.0 to 7.0) per cent. After active drainage, more patients required secondary salvage surgery (OR 2.32, 1.49 to 3.59), prolonged hospital admission (an additional 6 (95 per cent c.i. 2 to 10) days), and ICU admission (OR 1.41, 1.02 to 1.94). Mean duration of leak healing did not differ significantly (an additional 12 (-28 to 52) days). Conclusion: Primary salvage surgery or omission of faecal diversion likely correspond to the most severe and least severe leaks respectively. In patients with diverted leaks, stoma-free survival did not differ statistically between passive and active drainage, although the increased risk of secondary salvage surgery and ICU admission suggests residual confounding