O Serviço de Objetos do Museu Paulista

It focuses the organization of the Department of Object Collections of Museu Paulista - curatorship and information system - and its research directions: 1. Formation of the collections. 2. Money alternative forms. 3. Visual Culture in the 19th century: museums, industrial exhibitions and cities / Commerce, industrialization and Material Culture. 4. Historical and Industrial Archaeology. 5. Military life and Material Culture

Das caixas da casa colonial às arcas do Museu Paulista

A partir de uma pesquisa desenvolvida no Museu Paulista da Universidade de São Paulo sobre o espaço doméstico e a cultura material em São Paulo colonial, buscaremos problematizar o ofício do historiador ao lidar com documentos de natureza diversa. Comentaremos como se estabeleceu e se conformou, ao longo do trabalho, um diálogo crítico entre as fontes tridimensionais - as peças do acervo - e as fontes textuais produzidas no contexto de origem dos artefatos domésticos - sobretudo inventários. Com base na catalogação de acervo, pretendemos discutir situações de aproximação e incompatibilidade colocadas, muitas vezes, entre os termos utilizados pelos coevos para designar determinadas peças de mobiliário nos séculos XVIII e XIX e a classificação das peças em instituições museológicas. Para tanto, jogaremos luzes sobre caixas e arcas, pois esses móveis de conter e de guardar eram onipresentes nas casas setecentistas do império português.This paper analyzes the way historians deal with different types of historical documents (considering their origins) based on a research conducted at the Paulista Museum of the University of São Paulo on the theme of domestic space and material culture in colonial São Paulo. We will discuss how a critical dialogue was established between the tridimensional sources - the pieces of the collection - and the textual sources produced in the original context of the domestic artifacts - especially inventories. Based on the cataloging of the collection, we analyze situations of approximation and incompatibility often created by the use of the terms by the contemporaries to designate certain pieces of furniture in the 18th and 19th centuries and the terms used in the process of pieces classification in museological institutions. In order to do so, we will shed light on boxes and chests, because these kind of furniture to contain and store were ubiquitous in the 18th century houses of the Portuguese Empire

Laços familiares e aspectos materiais da dinâmica mercantil na cidade de São Paulo (séculos XVIII e XIX)

Based on the family ties established within the active merchant community of the city of São Paulo through the 18th and 19th centuries, the author sets out to tell the life story of nine merchants involved in matrimonial alliances, with a focus on the transactions carried out, their sociopolitical engagement and the fortunes of their descendants. Having done that, she seeks out connections between the urban development of the city center and the activities of these businessmen by means of analyses centered on the material aspects of their lives, particularly those related to their homes and home furniture

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora