La implementación de la política cultural y educativa alemana en el extranjero: Las escuelas alemanas en América Latina

O artigo tem por objetivo apresentar as especificidades do contexto latino-americano quanto à implementação da Política Cultural e Educacional da Alemanha para o Exterior, através de uma análise das Escolas Alemãs no Exterior, localizadas nessa região. Através de uma abordagem qualitativa, ele explora os dados constantes no Diretório de Escolas no Exterior produzido pela Agência Central para Escolas no Exterior e a representação da direção escolar disponibilizadas nos sítios eletrônicos oficiais dessas escolas, analisando-os à luz de conceitos sobre implementação de políticas públicas. O artigo propõe que o sistema escolar alemão no exterior, baseado em modelos de cooperação entre instâncias governamentais alemãs e entidades privadas nos países anfitriões, se caracteriza pelo papel central de atores locais na implementação dessa política. Ele conclui que as marcas de ambiguidade da Política Cultural e Educacional da Alemanha para o Exterior possibilitam que o sistema se adapte às diferentes realidades locais das escolas.The article presents the specificities of the Latin American context with regard to the implementation of German cultural and educational policy abroad through an analysis of the German Schools Abroad located in this region. Using a qualitative approach, it explores the data contained in the Directory of Schools Abroad produced by the Central Agency for Schools Abroad and the representation of the school management provided on the official websites of these schools, analyzing them according to concepts about public policy implementation. The article proposes that the German school system abroad, based on models of cooperation between German governmental bodies and private entities in host countries, is characterized by the central role of local actors in the implementation of this policy. It concludes that the hallmarks of ambiguity of the German Cultural and Educational Policy Abroad enable the system to adapt to the different local realities of the schools.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Avaliação simultânea das membranas plasmática, acrossomal e mitocondrial de espermatozoides de carneiros por sondas fluorescentes

Neste experimento, foi definida uma combinação de sondas fluorescentes: iodeto de propídio (PI), aglutinina de Pisum sativum conjugada ao isotiocionato de fluoresceína (FITC-PSA) e JC-1. Para esta proposta, quatro ejaculados de três carneiros (n=12), que apresentavam motilidade >80% e alterações morfológicas <10%, foram diluídos em meio TALP e divididos em duas alíquotas. Uma alíquota foi submetida a três ciclos de flash frozen e descongelação, para induzir danos nas membranas celulares e distúrbios na função mitocondrial. Três tratamentos foram preparados com as seguintes proporções preestabelecidas de sêmen fresco: sêmen submetido a flash frozen: 0:100 (T0), 50:50 (T50) e 100:0 (T100). As amostras foram coradas no protocolo proposto e avaliadas por microscopia de epifluorescência. Para integridade de membrana plasmática, detectada pela sonda PI, foi obtida a equação: v=1,09+0,86X (R2=0,98). O acrossomo intacto, verificado pela sonda FITC-PSA, produziu a equação: v=2,76+0,92X (R2=0,98). O alto potencial de membrana mitocondrial, marcada em vermelho-alaranjado pelo JC-1, foi estimado pela equação: v=1,90+0,90X (R2=0,98). As equações lineares resultantes demonstraram que a técnica é eficiente e prática para avaliação simultânea das membranas plasmática, acrossomal e mitocondrial em espermatozoides de carneirosIn this experiment, it was defined a protocol of fluorescent probes combination: propidium iodide (PI), fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated Pisum sativum agglutinin (FITC-PSA), and JC-1. For this purpose, four ejaculates from three different rams (n=12), all showing motility 80% and abnormal morphology 10%, were diluted in TALP medium and split into two aliquots. One of the aliquots was flash frozen and thawed in three continuous cycles, to induce damage in cellular membranes and to disturb mitochondrial function. Three treatments were prepared with the following fixed ratios of fresh semen:flash frozen semen: 0:100 (T0), 50:50 (T50), and 100:0 (T100). Samples were stained in the proposal protocol and evaluated by epifluorescence microscopy. For plasmatic membrane integrity, detected by PI probe, it was obtained the equation: Ŷ=1.09+0.86X (R2=0.98). The intact acrosome, verified by the FITC-PSA probe, produced the equation: Ŷ=2.76+0.92X (R2=0.98). The high mitochondrial membrane potential, marked in red-orange by JC-1, was estimated by the equation: Ŷ=1.90+0.90X (R2=0.98). The resulting linear equations demonstrate that this technique is efficient and practical for the simultaneous evaluations of the plasmatic, acrosomal, and mitochondrial membranes in ram spermatozoa.FAPESP 00/14653-6 e 01/13940-

Absence of ferromagnetic order in high quality bulk Co-doped ZnO samples

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Bulk Zn(1-x)Co(x)O samples were synthesized via standard solid-state reaction route with different Co molar concentrations up to 21%. A detailed microstructural analysis was carried out to investigate alternative sources of ferromagnetism, such as secondary phases and nanocrystals embedded in the bulk material. Conjugating different techniques we confirmed the Zn replacement by Co ions in the wurtzite ZnO structure, which retains, however, a high crystalline quality. No segregated secondary phases neither Co-rich nanocrystals were detected. Superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry demonstrates a paramagnetic Curie-Weiss behavior with antiferromagnetic interactions. We discuss the observed room temperature paramagnetism of our samples considering the current models for the magnetic properties of diluted magnetic semiconductors. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3459885]1083FAPEMIGConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)FAPEMIG_BrasilCNPq_BrasilFAPESP_Brasi

Defining Metabolic Rewiring in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Metabolomics based on untargeted flow infusion electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (FIE-HRMS) can provide a snap-shot of metabolism in living cells. Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is one of the predominant subtypes of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers (NSCLCs), which usually shows a poor prognosis. We analysed lung SCC samples and matched histologically normal lung tissues from eight patients. Metabolites were profiled by FIE-HRMS and assessed using t-test and principal component analysis (PCA). Differentially accumulating metabolites were mapped to pathways using the mummichog algorithm in R, and biologically meaningful patterns were indicated by Metabolite Set Enrichment Analysis (MSEA). We identified metabolic rewiring networks, including the suppression of the oxidative pentose pathway and found that the normal tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were decoupled from increases in glycolysis and glutamine reductive carboxylation. Well-established associated effects on nucleotide, amino acid and thiol metabolism were also seen. Novel aspects in SCC tissue were increased in Vitamin B complex cofactors, serotonin and a reduction of &gamma;-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Our results show the value of FIE-HRMS as a high throughput screening method that could be exploited in clinical contexts

Adaptabilidade e estabilidade de híbridos de milho em 35 ambientes.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a adaptabilidade e estabilidade de híbridos de milho em varias regiões do país

High incidence of acquiring methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in Brazilian children with Atopic Dermatitis and associated risk factors

BACKGROUND: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization in Atopic Dermatitis (AD) patients can contribute to worsening their clinical condition. OBJECTIVE: A cohort study was carried out to determine the incidence of MRSA acquisition and its risk factors in AD children. METHODS: Patients with AD (2 months-14 years old) were followed up for about 1 year at a reference center for AD treatment in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from September 2011 to February 2014. Nasal swabs from patients and contacts were collected every 2 months. The SCORAD system assessed the severity of the AD. S. aureus isolates were evaluated to determine the methicillin resistance and the clonal lineages. RESULTS: Among 117 AD patients, 97 (82.9%) were already colonized with S. aureus and 26 (22.2%) had MRSA at the first evaluation. The incidence of MRSA acquisition in the cohort study was 27.47% (n = 25). The SCORAD assessments were: mild (46.15%), moderate (37.36%) or severe (16.48%). Risk factors were: colonized MRSA contacts (HR = 2.27; 95% CI: 1.16-7.54), use of cyclosporine (HR = 5.84; 95% CI: 1.70-19.98), moderate or severe AD (HR = 3.26; 95% CI: 1.13-9.37). Protective factors were: availability of running water (HR = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.049-0.96) and use of antihistamines (HR = 0.21; 95% IC: 0.64-0.75). MRSA isolates carried the SCCmec type IV and most of them were typed as USA800/ST5. CONCLUSIONS: The high incidence of MRSA acquisition found among AD patients and the risk factors associated show that an effective surveillance of MRSA colonization in these patients is needed

Prospective surveillance study of acute respiratory infections, influenza-like illness and seasonal influenza vaccine in a cohort of juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients

Background\ud Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are frequent in children and complications can occur in patients with chronic diseases. We evaluated the frequency and impact of ARI and influenza-like illness (ILI) episodes on disease activity, and the immunogenicity and safety of influenza vaccine in a cohort of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients.\ud \ud Methods\ud Surveillance of respiratory viruses was conducted in JIA patients during ARI season (March to August) in two consecutive years: 2007 (61 patients) and 2008 (63 patients). Patients with ARI or ILI had respiratory samples collected for virus detection by real time PCR. In 2008, 44 patients were immunized with influenza vaccine. JIA activity index (ACRPed30) was assessed during both surveillance periods. Influenza hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers were measured before and 30-40 days after vaccination.\ud \ud Results\ud During the study period 105 ARI episodes were reported and 26.6% of them were ILI. Of 33 samples collected, 60% were positive for at least one virus. Influenza and rhinovirus were the most frequently detected, in 30% of the samples. Of the 50 JIA flares observed, 20% were temporally associated to ARI. Influenza seroprotection rates were higher than 70% (91-100%) for all strains, and seroconversion rates exceeded 40% (74-93%). In general, response to influenza vaccine was not influenced by therapy or disease activity, but patients using anti-TNF alpha drugs presented lower seroconversion to H1N1 strain. No significant differences were found in ACRPed30 after vaccination and no patient reported ILI for 6 months after vaccination.\ud \ud Conclusion\ud ARI episodes are relatively frequent in JIA patients and may have a role triggering JIA flares. Trivalent split influenza vaccine seems to be immunogenic and safe in JIA patients.This work was supported by grants from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPQ 308101/2003 to Dr. Ferriani), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES 56/2007-5 to Dr Carvalho) and Fundação de Apoio ao Ensino, Pesquisa e Assistência do Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FAEPA 2534/2008 to Dr Carvalho)

BRS 2022: híbrido duplo de milho.

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