Drought tolerance in MnSOD transgenic Hevea brasiliensis in a dry sub-humid environment

One year old bud-grafted plants of MnSOD transgenic Hevea lines (L1 and L2) and an untransformed line of clone RRII 105 were used in the present study to evaluate their physiological performance in a dry sub-humid environment by withholding irrigation and to assess the recovery by re-watering. The dry matter partitioning was more towards the root in transgenic lines (55% and 60% in Ll and L2, respectively) but, was less in the untransformed RRII 105 (43%). After six days of moisture stress in polybags, pre-dawn leaf water potential and relative water content declined in all the lines, however, transgenic line L1 showed higher tissue water content throughout the drought as well as recovery period. Chlorophyll content did not show any significant reduction. Net photosynthetic rate (PN) declined rapidly and it reached near zero on the third day of drought imposition except for line L1, which showed lesser decline in PN. The decline in stomatal conductance (gs) was more rapid than PN in all the lines. On re-watering, recovery of PN and gs was better in the transgenic lines than untransformed RRII 105, which did not recover fully from the drought impact. Antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase did not show a definite trend in their activities in these lines. However, it was found that the transgenic line L1 had better drought tolerant capacity in terms of lesser inhibition of photosynthetic rate under drought and faster recovery on re-watering

Rotavirus e adenovirus em crianças de 0-5 anos hospitalizadas com ou sem gastrenterite em Goiânia - GO., Brasil Rotavirus and adenovirus in children 0-5 years of age with or without gastrenteritis in hospitals from Goiânia - GO, Brazil

De junho/1987 a julho/1990 foram estudadas 557 amostras fecais de crianças hospitalizadas de 0-5 anos de idade, na cidade de Goiânia-GO., para detecção de rotavírus e adenovírus. Destas, 291 provinham de crianças diarréicas e 266 de não diarréicas. Das amostras não diarréicas, 64 eram provenientes de crianças de berçário. Das 557 amostras, 261 foram analisadas pela imunomicroscopia eletrônica (IME), eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida (EGPA-SDS) e ensaio imunoenzimático para rotavírus e adenovírus (EIARA) e as demais apenas pela EGPA e EIARA. Rotavírus e adenovírus mostraram positividade de 17,2% e 2,1% respectivamente, e na condição de diarréia ou não, observou-se percentuais de 29,2% e 4,1% respectivamente para rotavírus (p<0,05) e 2,4% e 1,5% para adenovírus. Rotavírus foram mais prevalentes entre as crianças de 1-11 meses de idade e não foram vistos em nenhum recém-nato de berçário. Os adenovírus ocorreram na faixa de 1-3 anos. Rotavírus apresentaram maior circulação entre os meses de maio a agosto (p<0,05), não sendo encontrados de dezembro a fevereiro.<br>In order to detect rotavirus and adenovirus 557 feces samples from hospitalized children (0-5 years of age) were analysed from June 1987 to July 1990 in Goiânia-city.Two hundred and ninety one samples were from children with diarrhoea and 266 were from children without diarrhoea. Amongst this later group, 64 samples were from children from the nursery. Two hundred and sixty one out of 557 samples were analysed by immunoelectron microscopy (IEM), polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and enzymatic immunoassay for rotavirus and adenovirus (EIARA) whereas the rest (296 samples) were analysed by SDS-PAGE and EIARA. Positivity of rotavirus and adenovirus was 17.2% and 2.1% respectively. Concerning rotavirus and adenovirus there was 29.2% and 2.4% positivity within the group with diarrhoea and 4.1% and 1.5% positivity amongst children without diarrhoea (p<0.05). Rotavirus were more prevalent amongst children which age ranged from 1 to 11 months of age. No newborn child from the nursery was positive for rotavirus. Adenovirus were detected amongst children from 1 to 3 years of age. Rotavirus circulation peak occurred between May and August (p<0.05) and no positive case was detected from December to February. Two hundred out of 291 diarrheic samples were also studied concerning bacteria and pathogenic parasites and equal percentages (17.0%) were found for both rotavirus and pathogenic bacteria. Eighty nine samples of rotavirus were detected by SDS-PAGE and 86 of these (96.6%) belonged to the subgroup II with 13 different electrophoretic patterns. Predominance of a given eletropherotic profile was observed in each year of the study